CVE-2025-24153 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows an application running with root privileges to execute arbitrary code with kernel-level privileges. The vulnerability stems from improper memory handling, specifically a buffer overflow condition classified under CWE-120, which can lead to memory corruption. This flaw enables privilege escalation from root user context to kernel space, potentially allowing an attacker to fully compromise the operating system's core functions. The issue was addressed by Apple in macOS Sequoia 15.3 through improved memory management techniques that prevent the overflow. The vulnerability requires an attacker to have local root access on the affected system, meaning remote exploitation is not feasible without prior privilege escalation. No user interaction is necessary once root access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.7 reflects the medium severity, considering the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability but limited attack vector (local) and requirement for high privileges. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the potential for kernel-level code execution makes this a significant risk if left unpatched. Organizations running macOS systems with root-level applications should prioritize patching and review privilege assignments to mitigate risk.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-24153 can be substantial, especially in environments where macOS is used for critical operations or development. Successful exploitation allows an attacker with root access to gain kernel privileges, effectively bypassing all security controls and potentially installing persistent malware, disabling security mechanisms, or accessing sensitive data. This could lead to data breaches, system downtime, and loss of integrity in critical systems. Sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and technology firms that rely on Apple hardware and software for secure operations may face increased risk. The requirement for local root access limits the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, as insider threats or chained exploits could leverage this vulnerability. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not preclude future exploitation. Therefore, the vulnerability poses a medium-term threat to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of macOS-based systems within European organizations.

1. Immediately update all macOS systems to version Sequoia 15.3 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Conduct an audit of applications and services running with root privileges to ensure only necessary processes have such access, minimizing the attack surface. 3. Implement strict access controls and monitoring for root-level activities to detect any unauthorized privilege escalations. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying anomalous kernel-level behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Enforce multi-factor authentication and strong credential management to reduce the risk of initial root compromise. 6. Regularly review and update security policies related to macOS systems, including patch management and privilege assignment. 7. Educate system administrators and users about the risks of running untrusted code with elevated privileges. 8. Consider deploying macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Kernel Extension Protection to limit kernel-level modifications.