CVE-2025-24242 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS related to improper handling of symbolic links (symlinks) by applications running with root privileges. Specifically, the flaw stems from CWE-59, which involves improper link resolution that can be exploited to access private information that should otherwise be protected. The vulnerability allows a root-privileged app to bypass intended access restrictions by manipulating symlinks, potentially exposing sensitive data. This issue was addressed by Apple in macOS Sequoia 15.4 through improved symlink handling mechanisms. The vulnerability requires an attacker to have local access with high privileges (root) and does not require user interaction, limiting the attack surface to scenarios where malicious or compromised root-level applications are present. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.4 (medium severity), reflecting the fact that while the impact on confidentiality is high, the attack vector is local with low complexity and requires high privileges. No known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date. The vulnerability primarily affects macOS installations prior to version 15.4, but the exact affected versions are unspecified. The flaw could be leveraged in environments where root-level applications are not properly vetted or where attackers have gained root access, enabling them to further escalate data exposure risks.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a confidentiality risk by potentially allowing root-privileged applications to access private information that should be protected. While exploitation requires root access, which limits the likelihood of remote attacks, the vulnerability could be leveraged in scenarios involving insider threats, compromised systems, or malicious software running with elevated privileges. Organizations relying on macOS for critical operations, especially those handling sensitive personal data or intellectual property, could face data breaches or leaks. The impact on integrity and availability is minimal, but the confidentiality breach could lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if personal data is exposed. Additionally, sectors such as finance, government, and technology with higher macOS usage may face increased risk. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate threat levels, but the vulnerability should be addressed promptly to prevent potential future exploitation.

1. Upgrade all macOS systems to version Sequoia 15.4 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. 2. Conduct an inventory and audit of applications running with root privileges to ensure they handle symlinks securely and follow best practices for file system access. 3. Limit the number of applications and processes running with root privileges to reduce the attack surface. 4. Implement strict access controls and monitoring for root-level activities to detect any anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of identifying suspicious symlink manipulations or privilege escalations. 6. Educate system administrators and security teams about the risks associated with improper symlink handling and the importance of timely patching. 7. Regularly review and update security policies regarding local privilege management and application vetting on macOS systems.