CVE-2025-2506 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting EnterpriseDB's proprietary pglogical extension version 3.x, which is used for logical replication in PostgreSQL databases. The vulnerability arises because pglogical fails to verify that commands are executed over a replication connection. Specifically, when pglogical attempts to replicate data, it should confirm that the connection is a replication connection to ensure proper authorization. However, this check is missing, allowing any user with CONNECT privileges on a database configured for replication to execute pglogical-specific commands. This can result in unauthorized read access to replicated tables. Exploitation requires the attacker to have at least CONNECT permissions on the target database and knowledge of pglogical3/BDR-specific commands, including the ability to decode the binary protocol used by pglogical. The vulnerability was introduced in pglogical 3.x and also affects BDR/PGD versions 4 and 5, which integrate the same code base. There are no known exploits in the wild currently, and no patches have been published yet. The CVSS v3.1 score is 5.3, reflecting a medium severity with high impact on confidentiality but no impact on integrity or availability. The attack vector is network-based, requires low privileges, and no user interaction is needed, but the attack complexity is high due to the need to understand specific commands and protocols.

For European organizations using EnterpriseDB's pglogical extension or BDR/PGD versions that incorporate the vulnerable code base, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data disclosure. Attackers with minimal privileges (CONNECT access) could gain read access to replicated tables, potentially exposing sensitive business data, customer information, or intellectual property. This could lead to breaches of data protection regulations such as GDPR, resulting in legal and financial consequences. The lack of impact on data integrity or availability limits the threat to confidentiality, but the exposure of replicated data could still undermine trust and compliance. Organizations relying on logical replication for high-availability or data distribution may face increased risk if attackers leverage this vulnerability to access replicated datasets. Given the complexity of exploitation, widespread automated attacks are less likely, but targeted attacks against high-value databases remain a concern.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should: 1) Restrict CONNECT privileges strictly to trusted users and service accounts, minimizing the attack surface. 2) Monitor database logs for unusual pglogical command usage or connections from unexpected users. 3) Implement network segmentation and firewall rules to limit access to replication-configured databases only to authorized hosts and users. 4) Engage with EnterpriseDB for timely updates and patches addressing this vulnerability and plan for prompt deployment once available. 5) Consider disabling pglogical replication if not essential or temporarily restricting replication features until a fix is applied. 6) Conduct internal audits of replication configurations and permissions to ensure adherence to the principle of least privilege. 7) Educate database administrators about this vulnerability to enhance detection and response capabilities.