CVE-2025-25292: ruby-saml · Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Affects ruby-samlSource CVE Database V5
Not known to be exploited · 65% EPSS · CVSS 9.3 Critical : upgrade to 1.12.4 as a priority.
Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC
- EPSS
- 65.0% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 99% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
- Patch
- Available – fixed in 1.12.4
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NExploitation evidence
Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 12 Mar 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors
A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.
What to do
Upgrade ruby-saml to 1.12.4.
Affected software
| Product | Affected | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml | Affected
| Fixed in
|
AI-suggested
- Immediately upgrade ruby-saml to version 1.12.4 or 1.18.0 or later, which contain patches addressing the parser differential and signature verification issues.
- Audit all SAML SSO implementations to confirm the use of patched ruby-saml versions and consistent XML parsing libraries.
- Implement strict XML schema validation and reject SAML assertions containing multiple signature elements or unexpected XML structures.
- Employ runtime monitoring and anomaly detection on authentication flows to detect unusual SAML responses or authentication bypass attempts.
- Review and enhance logging around SAML authentication events to enable rapid detection and forensic analysis of suspicious activity.
- Educate development and security teams on the risks of parser differentials and signature wrapping attacks to prevent similar issues in custom SAML integrations.
- Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting known signature wrapping attack patterns.
- Coordinate with identity providers and service providers to ensure end-to-end security of SAML assertions and signatures.
Description
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
References
- github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2 (opens in a new tab)
- github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv (opens in a new tab)
- github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 (opens in a new tab)
- github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 (opens in a new tab)
- about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released (opens in a new tab)
- github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials (opens in a new tab)
- github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 (opens in a new tab)
- github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 (opens in a new tab)
- portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins (opens in a new tab)
- securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml (opens in a new tab)
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/ (opens in a new tab)
- news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 (opens in a new tab)
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html (opens in a new tab)