CVE-2025-27028 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting Radiflow's iSAP Smart Collector version 1.20, which runs on CentOS 7 with VSAP 1.20. The vulnerability arises from the Linux deprivileged user account 'vpuser' having the capability to read the entire file system, including files owned by other users with restricted permissions. This includes highly sensitive files such as the root password hash. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require that an attacker have some level of privileged access (PR:H) on the system. The CVSS 3.1 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and no user interaction (UI:N). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning the vulnerability affects resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact is high on confidentiality (C:H), but no impact on integrity (I:N) or availability (A:N). This means an attacker with some level of privilege can escalate their ability to read sensitive data across the system, potentially leading to further privilege escalation or lateral movement. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches or mitigation links are provided yet. The vulnerability is significant because it undermines the principle of least privilege by allowing a deprivileged user to access sensitive files, which could compromise the entire system's security posture.

For European organizations using Radiflow's iSAP Smart Collector 1.20, this vulnerability poses a significant confidentiality risk. The ability for a deprivileged user to read sensitive files such as root password hashes could lead to credential theft, privilege escalation, and unauthorized access to critical infrastructure or network monitoring data. Given that Radiflow products are often used in industrial control systems and critical infrastructure monitoring, exploitation could compromise operational security and data confidentiality. This is particularly concerning for sectors like energy, utilities, and manufacturing, which are prevalent in Europe and rely on such monitoring solutions. The vulnerability could facilitate insider threats or be exploited by attackers who have gained limited access, amplifying the risk of broader network compromise. The absence of known exploits suggests a window for proactive mitigation, but the medium severity and high confidentiality impact warrant urgent attention to prevent potential exploitation.

1. Restrict access to the 'vpuser' account to only trusted administrators and monitor its usage closely. 2. Implement strict access controls and audit logging on the iSAP Smart Collector systems to detect any unauthorized file access attempts. 3. Employ file integrity monitoring solutions to alert on unusual read operations on sensitive files such as /etc/shadow or other critical system files. 4. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit exposure of the iSAP Smart Collector devices to only necessary management networks. 5. Apply principle of least privilege rigorously by reviewing and hardening user permissions on the affected systems. 6. Engage with Radiflow for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and plan for timely deployment once available. 7. Consider deploying host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) to detect anomalous behavior related to file access by the 'vpuser' or other accounts. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on privilege escalation vectors within the environment. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on monitoring, access control, and network segmentation tailored to the specific vulnerability context.