CVE-2025-27177 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-122) identified in Adobe InDesign Desktop versions ID20.1, ID19.5.2, and earlier. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of memory buffers on the heap, which can be overflowed when processing specially crafted InDesign files. When exploited, it allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the security context of the current user. The attack vector requires user interaction, specifically the victim opening a malicious file, which triggers the overflow condition. The vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability by enabling code execution that could lead to data theft, modification, or system compromise. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects a high severity level, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No public exploits have been reported yet, but the presence of this vulnerability in widely used creative software makes it a significant risk. Adobe has not yet published patches, so users must rely on interim mitigations.

The impact of CVE-2025-27177 is substantial for organizations using affected Adobe InDesign Desktop versions. Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to install malware, steal sensitive design files, intellectual property, or credentials, and potentially move laterally within networks. Since the code runs with the current user's privileges, the impact depends on the user's access rights; administrative users face greater risk. The vulnerability threatens confidentiality by exposing sensitive data, integrity by enabling unauthorized modifications, and availability by potentially causing application or system crashes. Industries relying heavily on Adobe InDesign, such as publishing, marketing, and media production, may face operational disruptions and reputational damage. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but targeted attacks, such as spear-phishing with malicious InDesign files, remain a realistic threat vector.

Organizations should prioritize patching affected Adobe InDesign Desktop versions once Adobe releases updates addressing CVE-2025-27177. Until patches are available, implement strict controls on file sources by restricting or scanning incoming InDesign files, especially from untrusted or external sources. Employ endpoint protection solutions with behavior-based detection to identify suspicious activities related to buffer overflow exploitation. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected files, emphasizing caution with InDesign documents from unknown senders. Consider application whitelisting or sandboxing to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Regularly back up critical design files and maintain incident response plans tailored to malware or code execution incidents. Monitoring for unusual process behavior or network activity originating from InDesign processes can also help detect exploitation attempts early.