CVE-2025-29934 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-459 (Incomplete Cleanup) found in AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series processors. The issue arises due to improper cleanup of Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) entries when running Secure Encrypted Virtualization with Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) guests. Specifically, stale TLB entries can persist and be reused by a local attacker who has administrative privileges on the host system. This reuse of stale TLB entries can lead to a breach of data integrity within the SEV-SNP guest environment, potentially allowing an attacker to manipulate or corrupt data that should be protected by the secure virtualization layer. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have local administrative privileges, making remote exploitation infeasible. No user interaction is necessary, and the scope of impact is confined to systems running vulnerable AMD EPYC 9004 processors with SEV-SNP enabled. The CVSS v3.1 score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting the high complexity of attack (AC:H), requirement for high privileges (PR:H), and the impact limited to integrity (I:H) without affecting confidentiality or availability. Currently, no patches or exploits are publicly available, but the vulnerability highlights a critical area in secure virtualization technology that could undermine trust in hardware-based security guarantees.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-29934 lies in the potential compromise of data integrity within virtualized environments that utilize AMD SEV-SNP technology. This is particularly relevant for cloud service providers, data centers, and enterprises relying on AMD EPYC 9004 processors for secure multi-tenant workloads. A successful exploitation could allow a local attacker with admin privileges to manipulate or corrupt data inside secure virtual machines, potentially leading to incorrect processing, data tampering, or undermining compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. While confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, the integrity loss could have cascading effects on business operations, trustworthiness of data, and auditability. The requirement for local admin privileges reduces the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments with multiple administrators or where insider threats exist. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate urgency but does not preclude future exploitation attempts. Organizations with critical infrastructure or sensitive workloads running on affected AMD processors should prioritize risk assessment and mitigation.

1. Monitor AMD’s official channels for patches or microcode updates addressing CVE-2025-29934 and apply them promptly once available. 2. Restrict local administrative privileges rigorously to minimize the risk of insider threats or unauthorized local access. 3. Implement strict access controls and auditing on systems running AMD EPYC 9004 processors, especially those hosting SEV-SNP guests. 4. Use hardware and software-based security monitoring to detect anomalous behavior indicative of TLB manipulation or virtualization integrity breaches. 5. Consider isolating critical workloads or sensitive SEV-SNP guests on separate hardware or using alternative secure virtualization technologies until patches are applied. 6. Regularly review and update virtualization platform configurations to ensure they follow best security practices recommended by AMD and virtualization vendors. 7. Educate system administrators about the risks associated with local privilege misuse and enforce policies to reduce the likelihood of privilege escalation or misuse. 8. Conduct penetration testing and vulnerability assessments focusing on local privilege abuse scenarios in environments using AMD EPYC 9004 processors.