CVE-2025-29934 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-459 (Incomplete Cleanup) affecting AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series processors, specifically within the Secure Encrypted Virtualization - Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) feature. The issue arises from the processor's failure to properly clear or invalidate stale Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) entries when switching SEV-SNP guest contexts. TLBs cache virtual-to-physical memory address translations to speed up memory access. If stale entries persist, a local attacker with administrative privileges on the host or guest could exploit this to cause data integrity violations by accessing or manipulating memory mappings that should have been invalidated. This undermines the isolation guarantees provided by SEV-SNP, which is designed to protect virtual machines from hypervisor or other guest interference. The vulnerability requires local access with high privileges (administrator/root) and does not require user interaction. The CVSS v3.1 score is 5.3 (medium), reflecting the complexity of exploitation and limited scope to local privileged users. No known exploits have been reported, and AMD has not yet released patches or mitigations. This vulnerability is significant in environments relying on AMD EPYC 9004 processors for confidential computing workloads, such as cloud providers and enterprises using virtualized infrastructure with SEV-SNP enabled.

For European organizations, the primary impact is on data integrity within virtualized environments leveraging AMD EPYC 9004 processors with SEV-SNP enabled. This could affect cloud service providers, financial institutions, government agencies, and enterprises that rely on secure virtualization to protect sensitive workloads. An attacker with local admin privileges could manipulate memory mappings, potentially altering data or code execution paths within protected virtual machines. Although confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, the integrity compromise could lead to incorrect processing, data corruption, or unauthorized modification of critical information. This risk is heightened in multi-tenant cloud environments where isolation between tenants is paramount. The vulnerability could undermine trust in secure virtualization technologies and complicate compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR if data integrity is compromised. Organizations with on-premises or hybrid cloud deployments using affected AMD processors should assess their exposure and readiness to respond.

1. Restrict local administrative access strictly to trusted personnel and systems to reduce the risk of exploitation. 2. Monitor and audit privileged user activities closely for signs of suspicious behavior or privilege escalation attempts. 3. Disable SEV-SNP features temporarily if feasible until AMD releases official patches or microcode updates addressing the vulnerability. 4. Engage with AMD and hardware vendors to obtain and apply firmware or microcode updates promptly once available. 5. Employ additional virtualization security controls such as integrity monitoring and runtime protection within guest environments. 6. For cloud providers, implement strict tenant isolation policies and consider compensating controls like enhanced logging and anomaly detection. 7. Regularly update hypervisor and virtualization management software to the latest versions to benefit from any mitigations or detection capabilities. 8. Conduct thorough risk assessments for workloads running on affected hardware and plan for potential incident response scenarios involving integrity breaches.