CVE-2025-31247 is a logic flaw in Apple macOS that allows attackers to bypass access controls and gain unauthorized access to protected file system areas. The vulnerability arises from improper state management within the operating system, which can be manipulated remotely without requiring any authentication or user interaction. This means an attacker can potentially access sensitive files or directories that should be restricted, compromising confidentiality. The issue affects multiple macOS versions prior to the patched releases Ventura 13.7.6, Sequoia 15.5, and Sonoma 14.7.6. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-284 (Improper Access Control), highlighting that the root cause is insufficient enforcement of access restrictions. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.5 (high), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and a high impact on confidentiality but no impact on integrity or availability. Although no active exploits have been reported, the potential for unauthorized data exposure is significant. The flaw was reserved in March 2025 and published in May 2025, indicating a recent discovery and patch release. The vulnerability affects all macOS users who have not updated to the fixed versions, making it critical for organizations relying on Apple systems to act swiftly.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk to the confidentiality of sensitive data stored on macOS devices. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that use Apple devices could face data breaches if attackers exploit this flaw. Unauthorized access to protected file system areas could lead to exposure of intellectual property, personal data, or security credentials, potentially resulting in regulatory penalties under GDPR and reputational damage. Since exploitation requires no privileges or user interaction and can be performed remotely, the attack surface is broad, increasing the likelihood of compromise. The lack of impact on integrity and availability limits the threat to data exposure rather than system disruption, but confidentiality breaches alone can have severe consequences. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are particularly vulnerable if devices are connected to untrusted networks. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive patching and mitigation before active attacks emerge.

European organizations should immediately prioritize updating all macOS devices to the patched versions Ventura 13.7.6, Sequoia 15.5, or Sonoma 14.7.6 to remediate this vulnerability. Beyond patching, organizations should implement network segmentation to limit exposure of macOS systems to untrusted networks, reducing the attack surface. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring unusual file system access patterns or unauthorized privilege escalations. Enforce strict access controls and audit logs on sensitive directories to detect potential exploitation attempts. Educate IT staff and users about the importance of timely updates and the risks associated with unpatched systems. For environments where immediate patching is not feasible, consider temporary network-level controls such as firewall rules to restrict inbound traffic to macOS devices. Regularly review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving unauthorized file system access on macOS. Collaborate with Apple support channels for guidance and monitor threat intelligence feeds for emerging exploit activity related to this CVE.