CVE-2025-31285 identifies a broken access control vulnerability categorized under CWE-269 (Improper Privilege Management) in the Trend Vision One product by Trend Micro, Inc. The flaw resides in the Role Name component, where an administrator-level user could create new user accounts that possess the capability to alter their own or others' roles. This escalation path allows these users to gain higher privileges than intended, potentially compromising the principle of least privilege. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have some level of authenticated access (administrator privileges) and user interaction to exploit. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, privileges required, user interaction needed, unchanged scope, and limited confidentiality and integrity impacts without availability impact. The issue has been remediated on the backend service, meaning the vulnerability is no longer exploitable in current versions or configurations. No public exploits or active attacks have been reported. The vulnerability highlights the risks associated with improper role and privilege management in security management platforms, which if exploited, could allow unauthorized privilege escalation within an organization's security monitoring environment.

If exploited, this vulnerability could allow an attacker with administrative access to create user accounts capable of escalating their privileges beyond intended limits. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive security monitoring data, manipulation of security policies, or interference with incident response processes. Although the vulnerability does not impact system availability, the compromise of confidentiality and integrity within a security platform could undermine an organization's overall security posture. Attackers gaining elevated privileges could hide malicious activities or disable detection mechanisms. However, since exploitation requires existing administrator privileges and user interaction, the risk is somewhat contained. The remediation of the vulnerability reduces the immediate threat, but organizations running unpatched or legacy versions remain at risk. The impact is particularly significant for organizations relying heavily on Trend Vision One for centralized security management and threat detection.

Organizations should verify that their Trend Vision One deployments are updated to versions where the backend service fix has been applied. Since no patch links are provided, contacting Trend Micro support for confirmation and guidance is recommended. Implement strict administrative access controls and monitor creation of new user accounts and role changes within the platform. Employ audit logging and alerting on privilege escalations or unusual role modifications. Enforce multi-factor authentication for administrator accounts to reduce the risk of credential compromise. Regularly review user roles and permissions to ensure adherence to the principle of least privilege. Conduct internal penetration testing and security assessments focusing on access control mechanisms within Trend Vision One. Maintain up-to-date incident response plans to quickly address any suspicious activities related to privilege escalations.