CVE-2025-33180 is a command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-77, affecting NVIDIA Cumulus Linux GA and NVOS products. The flaw resides in the NVUE interface, which improperly neutralizes special elements in user input, enabling a low-privileged user to inject arbitrary commands. This vulnerability affects all versions prior to 5.14, including 5.13.x, 5.12.x, and older GA releases. The vulnerability allows attackers to execute commands with escalated privileges, potentially gaining full control over the system. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.0, indicating high severity, with an attack vector of adjacent network (AV:A), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring low privileges (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the critical nature of the affected systems, which are often deployed in data centers and enterprise networking environments. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations.

The vulnerability allows a low-privileged user to execute arbitrary commands with escalated privileges, potentially leading to full system compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of network operations, and manipulation or destruction of system configurations. Given that NVIDIA Cumulus Linux is widely used in data center networking and enterprise environments, exploitation could disrupt critical infrastructure and services. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means attackers could steal data, alter system behavior, or cause denial of service. Organizations relying on affected versions face increased risk of insider threats or lateral movement by attackers who gain initial access with limited privileges.

1. Upgrade all affected NVIDIA Cumulus Linux GA installations to version 5.14 or later as soon as patches become available. 2. Until patches are released, restrict access to the NVUE interface to trusted administrators only, using network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure. 3. Implement strict role-based access controls (RBAC) to minimize the number of users with low privileges who can access the NVUE interface. 4. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual command execution patterns or unauthorized access attempts targeting the NVUE interface. 5. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect command injection attempts. 6. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments focusing on network device configurations and access controls. 7. Educate administrators about the risks of command injection and the importance of applying security updates promptly.