CVE-2025-43395 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that allows an application to access protected user data by exploiting improper handling of symbolic links (symlinks). Symlinks are filesystem objects that point to other files or directories, and improper resolution can lead to unauthorized access if an attacker-controlled symlink redirects access to sensitive files. The vulnerability was addressed by Apple through improved symlink handling in macOS Sonoma 14.8.2 and macOS Sequoia 15.7.2. Although the affected versions are unspecified, it is implied that versions prior to these patches are vulnerable. The vulnerability enables an app running on the system to bypass protections and read user data that should otherwise be inaccessible, potentially exposing sensitive information. There are no known exploits in the wild, indicating that active exploitation has not been observed yet. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require the malicious or compromised app to be installed and executed on the target system. This suggests a local attack vector, possibly through social engineering or supply chain compromise. The absence of a CVSS score necessitates an assessment based on impact and exploitability factors. The primary impact is on confidentiality, as protected user data may be exposed. The integrity and availability impacts appear minimal or not directly affected. The scope is limited to macOS systems running vulnerable versions. The vulnerability is significant given the widespread use of macOS in enterprise and personal environments, especially in sectors handling sensitive data.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized disclosure of sensitive user data on macOS devices. Organizations in finance, healthcare, legal, and government sectors that use macOS systems could face data breaches leading to regulatory penalties under GDPR and reputational damage. The vulnerability could be exploited by malicious insiders or attackers who manage to install a compromised or malicious app on target systems. Since the vulnerability allows access to protected data without user interaction, it increases the risk of stealthy data exfiltration. The lack of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits post-disclosure. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are particularly vulnerable if patching is delayed. The impact on confidentiality is critical given the sensitivity of user data potentially exposed. However, the vulnerability does not appear to affect system integrity or availability directly. Overall, the threat could undermine data protection efforts and compliance with European data privacy regulations if not promptly addressed.

European organizations should prioritize upgrading all macOS devices to at least macOS Sonoma 14.8.2 or macOS Sequoia 15.7.2 to apply the patch that fixes this vulnerability. Implement strict application control policies to prevent installation of unauthorized or untrusted applications, reducing the risk of malicious apps exploiting this flaw. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring suspicious file system activities, including unusual symlink usage or unauthorized file access attempts. Conduct regular audits of installed applications and remove any that are unnecessary or untrusted. Educate users about the risks of installing software from unverified sources and enforce policies for software installation. Use mobile device management (MDM) tools to enforce patch compliance and application restrictions on macOS devices. Monitor security advisories for any emerging exploit reports related to this CVE and be prepared to respond rapidly. Consider network segmentation and data encryption to limit the impact of potential data exposure. Finally, maintain regular backups of critical data to mitigate any indirect consequences of exploitation.