CVE-2025-46398 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the xfig diagramming tool, specifically within the fig2dev utility's read_objects function. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of local input data, which can lead to memory corruption when processing crafted input files. This flaw allows an attacker with local access to manipulate input to trigger a stack overflow, potentially altering the program's control flow and compromising data integrity. The vulnerability does not impact confidentiality or availability directly but can lead to integrity violations by corrupting memory and possibly influencing the output or internal state of the application. The CVSS 3.1 score of 4.7 reflects a medium severity, with an attack vector limited to local access (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), and requiring user interaction (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), and the impact is limited to integrity (I:H) without affecting confidentiality (C:N) or availability (A:N). No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no official patches have been released, indicating that mitigation relies on operational controls and cautious use of the affected tool. The vulnerability is particularly relevant to environments where xfig and fig2dev are used for diagram generation, such as academic, engineering, or open-source software development contexts.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-46398 lies in the potential compromise of data integrity within systems using the xfig toolchain. Since the vulnerability requires local access and user interaction, remote exploitation is not feasible, limiting the threat surface. However, in environments where multiple users have local access or where untrusted input files are processed, attackers could exploit this flaw to corrupt memory, potentially leading to incorrect diagram outputs or influencing downstream processes relying on these diagrams. This could affect engineering documentation, academic research materials, or technical publications, undermining trust in the integrity of such data. The lack of impact on confidentiality and availability reduces the risk of data leakage or service disruption. Nonetheless, organizations relying on xfig for critical documentation should consider this vulnerability seriously, especially where regulatory compliance demands data integrity and traceability. The absence of known exploits and patches means that the risk can be managed with proper operational controls until a fix is available.

To mitigate CVE-2025-46398, European organizations should implement strict local access controls to limit who can execute fig2dev and process xfig files, reducing the risk of malicious input manipulation. Employ file integrity monitoring and validation mechanisms to ensure that only trusted and verified input files are processed by the tool. Encourage users to avoid opening untrusted or unsolicited xfig files, and provide training on the risks associated with local file processing vulnerabilities. Where possible, run fig2dev in sandboxed or containerized environments to contain potential memory corruption effects. Monitor system logs and application behavior for anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts. Stay informed about vendor updates or patches addressing this vulnerability and prioritize timely application once available. Additionally, consider alternative diagramming tools with active maintenance and security support if xfig usage is not critical.