VulnerabilityPublished 10 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-48878: Combodo iTop · Missing Authorization

Affects Combodo iTopSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.3 Medium : upgrade to 3.2.2 when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 11:42 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 11% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 3.2.2

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 10 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade combodo/iTop to 3.2.2.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubcombodo/iTop`pkg:github/combodo/iTop`Other threats	Affected <3.2.2	Fixed in 3.2.2

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

European organizations should upgrade all affected Combodo iTop instances to version 3.2.2 or later, where the authorization flaw is fixed. Until patching is possible, restrict the assignment of the Service desk agent profile to trusted personnel only and review role permissions to minimize unnecessary privileges. Implement application-layer access controls and monitor logs for unusual creation of ModuleInstallation objects. Conduct regular audits of ITSM configurations to detect unauthorized changes. Network segmentation and limiting access to the iTop web interface to trusted networks can reduce exposure. Additionally, organizations should consider implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious requests targeting ModuleInstallation creation endpoints. Finally, maintain an incident response plan that includes procedures for ITSM compromise scenarios.

Description

Combodo iTop is a web based IT service management tool. In versions on the 3.x branch prior to 3.2.2, an insecure direct object reference allows a user (e.g.with Service desk agent profile) to create a ModuleInstallation object when they shouldn't be able to do so. Version 3.2.2 fixes the issue.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk to the integrity of IT service management processes. Unauthorized creation of ModuleInstallation objects could allow attackers or malicious insiders to alter system configurations, potentially leading to mismanagement of IT assets or introduction of unauthorized modules that could be leveraged for further attacks. While confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, the integrity compromise could disrupt IT operations and compliance with regulatory frameworks such as GDPR or ISO 27001, which require strict control over IT management systems. Organizations relying on Combodo iTop for critical ITSM functions may face operational risks and potential compliance issues if this vulnerability is exploited. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially in environments with less stringent internal controls or where service desk agents have broad access.

CWE-862Missing Authorization (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #4OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Architecture and Design
Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V13.4.2 (opens in a new tab)
V7.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/Combodo/iTop/security/advisories/GHSA-rj75-7cgw-4556 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 10 Nov 2025, 21:06 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-862

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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