VulnerabilityPublished 13 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-50617: Netis WF2880 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow

Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 16:39 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 33% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 13 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

Organizations should immediately assess their network environments to identify the presence of Netis WF2880 routers running firmware version 2.1.40207. 2) Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical infrastructure and sensitive data. 3) Monitor network traffic for unusual HTTP requests targeting the cgitest.cgi endpoint or anomalous patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 4) Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to detect attempts to exploit the 'wps_set' parameter. 5) Encourage users to upgrade to newer firmware versions once patches become available or consider replacing affected devices with models that have active security support. 6) Educate users about the risks of exposing management interfaces to the internet and enforce strong network security policies. 7) Regularly review and update firewall rules to block unsolicited inbound traffic to router management ports. These steps will help mitigate the risk until an official patch or firmware update is released.

Description

A buffer overflow vulnerability has been discovered in Netis WF2880 v2.1.40207 in the FUN_0046ed68 function of the cgitest.cgi file. Attackers can trigger this vulnerability by controlling the value of wps_set in the payload, which can cause the program to crash and potentially lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.

Impact

For European organizations, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and home office users relying on Netis WF2880 routers, this vulnerability poses a risk of network disruption through Denial of Service attacks. Disruption of network connectivity can affect business operations, remote work capabilities, and access to critical services. In environments where these routers are used as part of larger network infrastructures, a DoS condition could cascade, impacting productivity and potentially exposing other network segments to risk if fallback or failover mechanisms are inadequate. Although no evidence currently indicates exploitation for code execution or data breach, the buffer overflow nature of the vulnerability means that if weaponized, it could lead to more severe consequences such as unauthorized access or persistent compromise. The lack of authentication requirement for exploitation increases the threat level, particularly if devices have their management interfaces exposed to untrusted networks. This is a concern for organizations with less stringent network segmentation or outdated security practices. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks or by opportunistic attackers scanning for vulnerable devices, amplifying the risk to European networks where these routers are deployed.

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow (opens in a new tab)
Variant weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #16
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Operation · Build and Compilation · Environment Hardening
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Forced Integer Overflow (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/Chinesexilinyu/Netis-WF2880-cgitest.cgi-Vulnerability/tree/main/10 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 13 Aug 2025, 17:48 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-122

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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