VulnerabilityPublished 13 Aug 2025Updated 14 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-50635: Netis WF2780 · NULL Pointer Dereference

Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 12:29 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 34% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 13 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

European organizations using Netis WF2780 routers should immediately assess their exposure to this vulnerability. Specific mitigation steps include: 1) Restricting access to the router's web management interface by disabling remote management over the internet or limiting it to trusted IP addresses via firewall rules. 2) Implementing network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical network segments and sensitive data. 3) Monitoring network traffic for unusual HTTP requests that manipulate CONTENT_LENGTH headers or target cgitest.cgi endpoints. 4) Temporarily disabling or restricting CGI scripts if possible, or disabling the vulnerable web interface if it is not essential. 5) Keeping an eye on vendor announcements for firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability and applying them promptly once available. 6) Employing intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to detect attempts to exploit this null pointer dereference. 7) Conducting regular backups and having incident response plans to quickly recover from potential DoS incidents. These targeted measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, monitoring, and isolation specific to the vulnerability's exploitation vector.

Description

A null pointer dereference vulnerability was discovered in Netis WF2780 v2.2.35445. The vulnerability exists in the FUN_0048a728 function of the cgitest.cgi file. Attackers can trigger this vulnerability by controlling the CONTENT_LENGTH variable, causing the program to crash and potentially leading to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-50635 is the potential disruption of network connectivity and management due to denial-of-service conditions on affected Netis WF2780 routers. This can interrupt business operations, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) or branch offices relying on these consumer-grade or SOHO routers for internet access and internal network routing. The DoS could be exploited remotely without authentication, increasing the risk of widespread disruption. While the vulnerability does not compromise data confidentiality or integrity, the loss of availability can affect critical services, remote work capabilities, and network monitoring. In sectors such as healthcare, finance, or critical infrastructure where continuous network uptime is essential, even short outages can have significant operational and regulatory consequences. Additionally, the lack of patches means organizations must rely on mitigation strategies until a firmware update is released. The vulnerability's exploitation requires only network access, which could be from the internet or internal network, depending on router configuration, increasing the attack surface.

CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: MediumCWE Top 25 (2025): #13OWASP Top 10 A10:2025: Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions (opens in a new tab)
The product dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid but is NULL.
Implementation
For any pointers that could have been modified or provided from a function that can return NULL, check the pointer for NULL before use. When working with a multithreaded or otherwise asynchronous environment, ensure that proper locking APIs are used to lock before the check, and unlock when it has finished.
Requirements
Select a programming language that is not susceptible to these issues.
Implementation
Check the results of all functions that return a value and verify that the value is non-null before acting upon it.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Logging (opens in a new tab)
Error Handling (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V11.1.7 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/Chinesexilinyu/Netis-WF2780-cgitest.cgi-Vulnerability/tree/main/1 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 21 Aug 2025, 01:17 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-476

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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