CVE-2025-58935 is a Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability found in the axiomthemes Lunna WordPress theme, affecting versions up to and including 1.15. The vulnerability arises from improper control over the filename parameter used in PHP include or require statements, allowing an attacker to specify a remote file URL that the server will include and execute as PHP code. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it enables remote code execution without requiring authentication or user interaction, thereby allowing attackers to fully compromise the affected web server. The vulnerability was reserved in September 2025 and published in December 2025, with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5, indicating high severity. The vector metrics indicate network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), high confidentiality impact (C:H), and no impact on integrity or availability (I:N/A:N). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the nature of RFI vulnerabilities historically makes them attractive targets for attackers to deploy web shells, backdoors, or pivot further into internal networks. The affected product, Lunna, is a WordPress theme distributed by axiomthemes, which is used primarily for website design and content management. The vulnerability likely stems from insufficient input validation or sanitization of parameters controlling file inclusion paths, a common weakness in PHP applications. Since WordPress is widely used across Europe, and themes like Lunna are popular among small to medium enterprises and bloggers, the exposure is significant. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting means organizations must implement temporary mitigations or monitor closely until a fix is released.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-58935 is the potential for remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code on vulnerable WordPress sites running the Lunna theme, leading to full site compromise. This can result in unauthorized data disclosure, defacement, deployment of malware or ransomware, and use of the compromised server as a pivot point for further attacks within an organization's network. For European organizations, especially those handling sensitive personal data under GDPR, such a breach could lead to significant regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Public-facing websites are particularly at risk, as the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication. The confidentiality impact is rated high, as attackers can access sensitive files and data. Although integrity and availability impacts are not directly indicated, attackers could modify site content or disrupt services indirectly. The ease of exploitation and lack of required privileges increase the threat level. The widespread use of WordPress in Europe, combined with the popularity of axiomthemes products, amplifies the potential scale of impact across various sectors including e-commerce, government, education, and media.

1. Immediate action should be to monitor official axiomthemes channels and CVE databases for the release of a security patch addressing this vulnerability and apply it as soon as it becomes available. 2. Until a patch is released, implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block attempts to exploit file inclusion vulnerabilities, focusing on suspicious URL parameters and payloads containing remote file URLs. 3. Review and harden PHP configuration settings, such as disabling allow_url_include and allow_url_fopen directives, to prevent inclusion of remote files. 4. Conduct a thorough audit of all input parameters in the Lunna theme codebase, especially those controlling file paths, to ensure proper validation and sanitization are enforced. 5. Restrict file permissions and isolate the web server environment to limit the impact of a potential compromise. 6. Employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) and log analysis to identify unusual file inclusion attempts or unexpected PHP code execution. 7. Educate site administrators on the risks of using outdated themes and the importance of timely updates. 8. Consider temporarily disabling or replacing the Lunna theme with a secure alternative if immediate patching is not feasible. 9. Regularly back up website data and configurations to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise.