CVE-2025-59819 is a vulnerability identified in the Zenitel Alphacom XE Audio Server product that permits authenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the system by altering a filepath parameter to point to internal system paths. The flaw exists because the application does not properly validate or sanitize the filepath input, allowing traversal or direct access to sensitive files outside the intended directory scope. The vulnerability affects all versions of the product, indicating a systemic issue in the codebase. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5, with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, meaning the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges (authenticated user), no user interaction, and impacts confidentiality significantly but does not affect integrity or availability. No public exploits are known at this time, but the potential for information disclosure is substantial, especially if sensitive configuration files, credentials, or system data are exposed. The vulnerability was reserved in September 2025 and published in February 2026, with no patch links currently available, suggesting that remediation may still be pending or in development. The vulnerability was assigned by NCSC-NL, indicating recognition by a national cybersecurity authority. Organizations using Alphacom XE Audio Server should be aware of this vulnerability and prepare to implement mitigations.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-59819 is unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information due to arbitrary file read capabilities by authenticated attackers. This can lead to exposure of configuration files, credentials, logs, or other internal data that could facilitate further attacks or compromise privacy. While the vulnerability does not allow modification or deletion of files, the confidentiality breach alone can be critical, especially in environments handling sensitive communications or critical infrastructure. The requirement for authentication limits the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, as insider threats or compromised accounts could exploit this flaw. Organizations globally that rely on Zenitel Alphacom XE Audio Server for audio communication, particularly in sectors such as public safety, transportation, and industrial control, may face increased risk of data leakage. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate threat but vigilance is necessary as attackers may develop exploits once patches are released. The vulnerability could also undermine trust in the affected systems and lead to regulatory or compliance issues if sensitive data is exposed.

To mitigate CVE-2025-59819, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Restrict access to the Alphacom XE Audio Server interface strictly to trusted and authenticated users, employing strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication to reduce the risk of account compromise. 2) Monitor and audit file access logs for unusual or unauthorized attempts to access system files, enabling early detection of exploitation attempts. 3) Apply network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure of the server to only necessary internal networks and trusted endpoints. 4) Follow Zenitel's advisories closely and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available to remediate the vulnerability. 5) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on file path handling and input validation to identify similar issues proactively. 6) Educate system administrators and users about the risks of credential compromise and enforce strict password policies. 7) If patching is delayed, consider temporary compensating controls such as disabling vulnerable features or restricting file path parameters through application-layer filtering or web application firewalls.