VulnerabilityPublished 21 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-60507: moodle_genai_plugin_xss · Cross-site Scripting

Affects moodle_genai_plugin_xssSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 8.9 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

8.9High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 23% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AC:L/AV:N/A:L/C:H/I:H/PR:L/S:C/UI:R

Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Vector: Network
Availability: Low
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Privileges Required: Low
Scope: Changed
User Interaction: Required

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 21 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubonurcangnc/moodle_genai_plugin_xss`pkg:github/onurcangnc/moodle_genai_plugin_xss`Other threats	Affected =2.3.6	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

Immediately restrict upload permissions to trusted users only and review the roles allowed to upload files, especially PDFs.
Implement input validation and output encoding on the plugin to sanitize any links generated to uploaded files, preventing execution of embedded scripts.
Disable or limit the use of the GeniAI plugin until a patch or update is available.
Educate teachers and users about the risks of uploading untrusted files and clicking on suspicious links within the Moodle environment.
Monitor Moodle logs for unusual upload activity or access patterns to detect potential exploitation attempts.
Employ Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of inline scripts and reduce the impact of XSS attacks.
Regularly update Moodle and its plugins to the latest versions once patches addressing this vulnerability are released.
Consider network segmentation and access controls to limit the spread of any compromise resulting from exploitation.

Description

Cross site scripting vulnerability in Moodle GeniAI plugin (local_geniai) 2.3.6. An authenticated user with Teacher role can upload a PDF containing embedded JavaScript. The assistant outputs a direct HTML link to the uploaded file without sanitization. When other users (including Students or Administrators) click the link, the payload executes in their browser.

Impact

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions and universities that widely deploy Moodle as their learning management system, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, including student records, grades, and personal information. The ability to execute arbitrary scripts in the browsers of administrators or students could facilitate session hijacking, credential theft, or the spread of malware within the network. This could disrupt educational operations, damage institutional reputation, and lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to data breaches. The requirement for authenticated access limits the attack surface but does not eliminate risk, as teachers are legitimate users. The vulnerability could also be leveraged for targeted attacks or social engineering campaigns within the academic community. The lack of available patches increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 21 Oct 2025, 18:02 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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