CVE-2025-62778 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-425 (Direct Request or Forced Browsing) affecting Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) versions up to and including 2.39.1. The flaw allows unauthorized users, specifically students, to access the Quiz Form by directly entering its URL, circumventing the intended access control mechanisms. This vulnerability arises from insufficient authorization checks on URL endpoints, permitting direct access to resources that should be restricted. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, making it trivially exploitable if the URL is known or discovered. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 1.3, reflecting low impact primarily due to limited confidentiality and integrity concerns and no impact on availability. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no official patches have been released at the time of publication. The vulnerability highlights a common security oversight in web applications where sensitive resources are protected only by obscurity rather than robust access control. Organizations using Frappe LMS should audit their access control policies, ensure proper session and permission validation on all endpoints, and monitor for unauthorized access attempts. This vulnerability is particularly relevant to educational institutions relying on Frappe LMS for quiz administration and student assessments.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-62778 is unauthorized access to quiz forms within the Frappe LMS environment. This can lead to potential confidentiality breaches where students may view quiz content prematurely or access quizzes they are not authorized to take. Integrity could be affected if unauthorized users manipulate quiz data or submissions, although the vulnerability description does not explicitly confirm this. Availability is not impacted. For European organizations, especially educational institutions using Frappe LMS, this could undermine the fairness and security of assessments, potentially affecting academic integrity. While the vulnerability is low severity, it could facilitate cheating or unauthorized data exposure, which may have reputational and compliance implications under data protection regulations like GDPR if personal data is involved. The lack of authentication requirement and ease of exploitation increase the risk of opportunistic abuse, although the scope is limited to users who can discover or guess the URL. Overall, the threat is contained but warrants remediation to protect educational data and maintain trust in digital learning platforms.

To mitigate CVE-2025-62778, organizations should implement strict access control mechanisms on all LMS endpoints, ensuring that sensitive resources like quiz forms require proper authentication and authorization checks. Specifically, enforce role-based access control (RBAC) to restrict quiz form access only to authorized students at appropriate times. Implement server-side validation to verify user permissions before serving quiz content, rather than relying on obscured URLs. Conduct a thorough security audit of the LMS to identify other endpoints vulnerable to forced browsing. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block suspicious direct URL access patterns. Educate LMS administrators and developers on secure coding practices to prevent similar issues. Monitor logs for unusual access attempts to quiz forms and investigate potential abuse. Finally, stay updated with vendor advisories for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available.