CVE-2025-62778 is a security vulnerability classified under CWE-425 (Direct Request or Forced Browsing) affecting Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) versions up to 2.39.1. The vulnerability arises because the LMS does not enforce adequate access control on the Quiz Form endpoint, allowing students who know or discover the direct URL to access quiz content without proper authorization. This bypasses intended restrictions that normally prevent unauthorized users from viewing or interacting with quizzes. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it trivially exploitable by any student with knowledge of the URL. Despite the ease of access, the CVSS 4.0 base score is low (1.3), reflecting limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and the absence of privilege escalation or data exfiltration beyond quiz access. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild. The issue highlights a common security oversight in web applications where sensitive resources are protected only by obscurity rather than robust access control mechanisms. Organizations using Frappe LMS should audit their access control policies and implement proper authorization checks on all sensitive endpoints to prevent unauthorized access.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using Frappe LMS, this vulnerability could undermine the integrity of online assessments by allowing unauthorized students to access quiz forms directly. This could lead to unfair academic advantages, compromise exam confidentiality, and damage institutional reputation. While the vulnerability does not enable broader system compromise or data breaches, it threatens the trustworthiness of the LMS as a secure platform for learning and evaluation. The impact is primarily on academic integrity and confidentiality of quiz content rather than system availability or broader data confidentiality. Given the low CVSS score and lack of known exploits, the immediate risk is limited; however, exploitation could increase if attackers develop automated tools to enumerate URLs or share access information among students. Organizations relying on Frappe LMS for critical assessments should consider this a priority to maintain secure and fair educational environments.

To mitigate CVE-2025-62778, organizations should implement strict access control mechanisms on all LMS endpoints, especially those serving sensitive content like quizzes. This includes enforcing authentication and authorization checks server-side to ensure only authorized users can access quiz forms. URL endpoints should not rely on obscurity for security; instead, role-based access control (RBAC) or attribute-based access control (ABAC) should be applied. Monitoring and logging access to quiz URLs can help detect unauthorized attempts. If possible, upgrade to a patched version once available or apply custom patches to restrict access. Additionally, consider implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for users accessing sensitive LMS functions and educating students and staff about the risks of sharing URLs. Regular security audits and penetration testing focused on access control weaknesses can help identify similar issues proactively.