VulnerabilityPublished 2 Mar 2026

CVE-2025-65465: tbszip · A Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Affects tbszipSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.1 Medium · fixed in 2.18 : update tbszip when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 34% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 2.18

CVSS:3.1/AC:L/AV:N/A:N/C:L/I:L/PR:N/S:C/UI:R

Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Vector: Network
Availability: None
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Privileges Required: None
Scope: Changed
User Interaction: Required

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 2 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubskrol29/tbszip`pkg:github/skrol29/tbszip`Other threats	Affected <=2.17	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-65465, organizations should immediately upgrade Skrol29 TbsZip to version 2.18 or later, where the vulnerability is fixed. In addition, developers should implement strict input validation on all user-supplied parameters, especially filenames, to reject or sanitize potentially malicious characters before processing. Employing robust output encoding techniques (e.g., HTML entity encoding) when displaying error messages or any user input in the UI is critical to prevent script injection. Web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block common XSS attack patterns targeting this vulnerability. Security teams should audit applications that use the affected library to identify any exposure through error handling or file operations. Finally, educating users to avoid clicking suspicious links or opening untrusted files can reduce the risk of exploitation requiring user interaction.

Description

A reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the RaiseError function of Skrol29 TbsZip version 2.17 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted payload in a filename parameter (e.g., to the FileRead function). This occurs because the error message is not properly sanitized before being output to the user. This vulnerability is fixed in version 2.18.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-65465 is the potential for remote attackers to execute arbitrary scripts in users’ browsers, leading to confidentiality and integrity breaches. This can result in theft of sensitive information such as session tokens, user credentials, or personal data. Additionally, attackers could perform actions on behalf of the user, such as unauthorized requests or manipulation of displayed content. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system availability, successful exploitation can undermine user trust and lead to reputational damage for affected organizations. Since the vulnerability is in a file handling library, any application or service using vulnerable versions of Skrol29 TbsZip may be at risk, particularly web applications that process user-supplied filenames or display error messages to users. The medium severity score reflects that exploitation requires user interaction and does not lead to full system compromise but still poses a significant risk to web application security and user data privacy.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 9 Mar 2026, 17:19 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats