VulnerabilityPublished 19 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-66909: turms-ai-serving · CVE-2025-66909 is a high-severity denial of service

Affects turms-ai-servingSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 44% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 19 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubturms-im/turms-ai-serving`pkg:github/turms-im/turms-ai-serving`Other threats	Affected =0.10.0-SNAPSHOT	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement strict validation of image dimensions and pixel counts before decompression to prevent resource exhaustion. Specifically, input images should be checked for maximum allowable width, height, and total pixel count, rejecting any images exceeding safe thresholds. Rate limiting and request throttling should be applied to the OCR service endpoints to reduce the risk of repeated exploitation. Access controls should be enforced to restrict public accessibility of the OCR service, ideally requiring authentication and authorization. Monitoring and alerting for abnormal memory usage or service crashes can help detect exploitation attempts early. If possible, update or patch the Turms AI-Serving module once a fix is released. As a temporary workaround, consider isolating the image processing component in a sandboxed environment with strict memory limits to contain potential crashes. Finally, conduct regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on resource management in image processing components.

Description

CVE-2025-66909 is a high-severity denial of service vulnerability in the Turms AI-Serving module (v0.10.0-SNAPSHOT and earlier). It arises from improper validation of image dimensions and pixel count during decompression in the ExtendedOpenCVImage class, which uses OpenCV's imread() function. An attacker can upload a crafted compressed image that decompresses to consume excessive memory, causing immediate service crashes due to OutOfMemoryError. No authentication or user interaction is required if the OCR service is publicly accessible, enabling remote attackers to repeatedly trigger service outages. This vulnerability affects availability but does not impact confidentiality or integrity. European organizations using this AI-Serving module in publicly accessible OCR services are at risk of denial of service attacks. Mitigation requires implementing strict validation of image size before decompression, rate limiting, and restricting public access. Countries with higher adoption of AI and OCR technologies in critical infrastructure and services, such as Germany, France, and the UK, are most likely to be affected.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the availability of AI-driven OCR services that utilize the Turms AI-Serving module. Organizations relying on automated document processing, identity verification, or other AI-based image analysis services could experience service outages, disrupting business operations and customer-facing services. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and telecommunications that deploy OCR for document digitization or verification may face operational downtime. The ease of exploitation and lack of authentication requirements increase the risk of widespread denial of service attacks, potentially leading to reputational damage and financial losses. Additionally, if the affected services are part of larger automated workflows, the disruption could cascade, affecting broader IT infrastructure. Given the growing reliance on AI and machine learning services in Europe, this vulnerability could impact a wide range of industries and public services.

CWE-409Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.1.2 (opens in a new tab)
V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 26 Dec 2025, 15:23 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-409

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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