VulnerabilityPublished 26 Feb 2026

CVE-2026-28225: manyfold3d manyfold · Insecure Direct Object Reference

Affects manyfold3d manyfoldSource CVE Database V5

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Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.3 Medium : upgrade to 0.133.1 when convenient.

Data as of 30 Oct 2026, 11:52 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 23% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 0.133.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 26 Feb 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 30 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade manyfold and manyfold3d/manyfold to 0.133.1.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
manyfold3dmanyfold	Affected <0.133.1	Fixed in 0.133.1
GitHubmanyfold3d/manyfold`pkg:github/manyfold3d/manyfold`Other threats	Affected <0.133.1	Fixed in 0.133.1

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should upgrade manyfold to version 0.133.1 or later, where the authorization bypass is fixed by enforcing Pundit policy_scope checks in the get_model method. If immediate upgrading is not feasible, administrators should restrict network access to the manyfold application, limiting exposure to trusted internal networks only. Implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious requests targeting model retrieval endpoints can provide temporary protection. Additionally, auditing access logs for unusual or unauthorized model access attempts can help identify exploitation attempts. Developers maintaining forks or custom versions of manyfold should review their authorization logic to ensure consistent use of policy_scope across all model access points. Finally, organizations should incorporate regular security testing and code reviews focused on authorization controls to prevent similar issues.

Description

Manyfold is an open source, self-hosted web application for managing a collection of 3d models, particularly focused on 3d printing. Prior to version 0.133.1, the `get_model` method in `ModelFilesController` (line 158-160) loads models using `Model.find_param(params[:model_id])` without `policy_scope()`, bypassing Pundit authorization. All other controllers correctly use `policy_scope(Model).find_param()` (e.g., `ModelsController` line 263). Version 0.133.1 fixes the issue.

Impact

The primary impact of this vulnerability is unauthorized access and potential modification of 3D model files within the manyfold application. For organizations relying on manyfold to manage proprietary or sensitive 3D printing models, this could lead to intellectual property theft, unauthorized alterations, or sabotage of 3D assets. Since the vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or availability directly, the risk centers on data integrity and trustworthiness of model files. Attackers could exploit this flaw remotely without authentication, increasing the risk of widespread unauthorized access if the application is exposed to the internet. This could undermine manufacturing processes, product development, or any workflows dependent on accurate 3D models. Organizations with public-facing manyfold instances or those lacking strict network segmentation are particularly vulnerable. While no known exploits exist currently, the medium severity rating and ease of exploitation warrant prompt remediation to prevent potential future attacks.

CWE-639Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #24OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Architecture and Design · Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Access Control (opens in a new tab)
Authorization Testing Automation (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Request Forgery Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Insecure Direct Object Reference Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V4.1.2 (opens in a new tab)
V4.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
V8.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 26 Feb 2026, 23:13 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-639

Technical details

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