VulnerabilityPublished 2 Mar 2026

CVE-2026-28412: textream · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Affects textreamSource CVE Database V5

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Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium : upgrade to 1.5.1 when convenient.

Data as of 30 Oct 2026, 11:52 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 26% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 1.5.1

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 2 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 30 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade textream and f/textream to 1.5.1.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
textream	Affected <1.5.1	Fixed in 1.5.1
GitHubf/textream`pkg:github/f/textream`Other threats	Affected <1.5.1	Fixed in 1.5.1

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

The primary mitigation is to upgrade Textream to version 1.5.1 or later, which includes fixes that impose limits on concurrent WebSocket connections, preventing resource exhaustion. Until upgrading, organizations should consider network-level controls such as rate limiting or firewall rules to restrict the number of simultaneous WebSocket connections to the DirectorServer component. Monitoring system resource usage during teleprompter sessions can help detect abnormal spikes indicative of an attack. Implementing application-layer WebSocket connection throttling or authentication mechanisms could further reduce risk. Users should avoid exposing the DirectorServer WebSocket port to untrusted networks or the public internet. Additionally, educating users about the risk of connecting to untrusted clients or networks during live sessions can reduce attack vectors. Regularly reviewing and applying vendor security updates is essential to maintain protection.

Description

Textream is a free macOS teleprompter app. Prior to version 1.5.1, the `DirectorServer` WebSocket server imposes no limit on concurrent connections. Combined with a broadcast timer that sends state to all connected clients every 100 ms, an attacker can exhaust CPU and memory by flooding the server with connections, causing the Textream application to freeze and crash during a live session. Version 1.5.1 fixes the issue.

Impact

This vulnerability primarily impacts the availability of the Textream application during live teleprompter sessions. Organizations relying on Textream for presentations, broadcasts, or live events may experience application freezes or crashes, disrupting operations and causing potential reputational damage. The denial-of-service condition could delay or halt critical communications, especially in media, education, or corporate environments where teleprompters are used. Since the attack requires no authentication and can be performed remotely over the network, it increases the risk of opportunistic or targeted disruption. However, the impact is limited to the affected application and does not compromise data confidentiality or integrity. The scope is confined to macOS systems running vulnerable versions of Textream, limiting broader systemic impact. Nonetheless, the disruption of live sessions can have significant operational consequences for affected users worldwide.

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: High
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place.
Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either: recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or; uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XML Ping of the Death (opens in a new tab)
Regular Expression Exponential Blowup (opens in a new tab)
Sustained Client Engagement (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 9 Mar 2026, 17:24 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-400

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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