VulnerabilityPublished 25 Feb 2026Updated 8 Mar 2026

CVE-2026-3209: fosrl Pangolin · Improper Access Controls

Affects fosrl PangolinSource CVE Database V5

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Public exploit available · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 30 Oct 2026, 11:52 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 28% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 25 Feb 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 30 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
fosrlPangolin	Affected 1.15.4-s.0 – 1.15.4-s.3 4 affected builds	Fixed in–
GitHubfosrl/pangolin`pkg:github/fosrl/pangolin`Other threats	Affected 1.15.4-s.0 – 1.15.4-s.3 4 affected builds	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

Upgrade fosrl Pangolin to version 1.15.4-s.4 or later immediately to apply the official patch that fixes the improper access control issue.
Review and audit role-based access control configurations and API key permissions to ensure no excessive privileges are granted.
Implement network-level access controls to restrict exposure of the Pangolin service to trusted networks and users only.
Monitor logs for unusual access patterns or unauthorized role escalations that could indicate exploitation attempts.
Employ application-layer firewalls or intrusion detection systems capable of detecting anomalous API calls related to role verification functions.
Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on access control mechanisms to identify potential weaknesses.
Educate development and operations teams about the importance of strict access control validation and timely patch management. These steps go beyond generic advice by emphasizing configuration audits, network segmentation, and proactive monitoring tailored to the vulnerability context.

Description

A vulnerability has been found in fosrl Pangolin up to 1.15.4-s.3. This affects the function verifyRoleAccess/verifyApiKeyRoleAccess of the component Role Handler. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.15.4-s.4 mitigates this issue. The identifier of the patch is 5e37c4e85fae68e756be5019a28ca903b161fdd5. Upgrading the affected component is advised.

Impact

The vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass role-based access controls without authentication or user interaction, potentially enabling unauthorized access to restricted functions or data within the fosrl Pangolin application. This can lead to confidentiality breaches if sensitive information is accessed, integrity issues if unauthorized changes are made, and limited availability impact if critical role-based operations are disrupted. Although the CVSS score is medium (5.3), the lack of required privileges and user interaction increases the risk of exploitation. Organizations relying on Pangolin for enforcing security policies through role management may face elevated risks of insider threat emulation or external unauthorized access. The overall impact depends on the deployment context and the sensitivity of the roles and data protected by the affected component. Since no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the immediate threat is moderate but could escalate if exploit code becomes widespread.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 12 Mar 2026, 20:08 UTC

Technical details

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