CVE-2024-22196VulnerabilityPublished 11 Jan 2024Updated 6 Jul 2026

CVE-2024-22196: Nginx UI · Authenticated (user role) SQL injection in `OrderAndPaginate` (GHSL-2023-270)

Affects github.com/0xJacky/Nginx-UISource GCVE Database

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.0 High : upgrade to 1.9.10-0.20231219195202-ec93ab05a3ec soon.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.0High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 47% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 1.9.10-0.20231219195202-ec93ab05a3ec

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: High
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: Low
Availability: Low

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: High: A successful attack depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. That is, a successful attack cannot be accomplished at will, but requires the attacker to invest in some measurable amount of effort in preparation or execution against the vulnerable component before a successful attack can be expected. For example, a successful attack may require an attacker to: gather knowledge about the environment in which the vulnerable target/component exists; prepare the target environment to improve exploit reliability; or inject themselves into the logical network path between the target and the resource requested by the victim in order to read and/or modify network communications (e.g., a man in the middle attack).
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 11 Jan 2024
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade github.com/0xJacky/Nginx-UI to 1.9.10-0.20231219195202-ec93ab05a3ec.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Gogithub.com/0xJacky/Nginx-UI	Affected <1.9.10-0.20231219195202-ec93ab05a3ec	Fixed in 1.9.10-0.20231219195202-ec93ab05a3ec

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

If you cannot patch yet, restrict user input for 'sort_by' and 'order' parameters to a whitelist of allowed values to prevent injection. Avoid directly embedding user input into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.

Description

### Summary The [`OrderAndPaginate`](https://github.com/0xjacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/model/model.go#L99C4) function is used to order and paginate data. It is defined as follows: ```go func OrderAndPaginate(c *gin.Context) func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { sort := c.DefaultQuery("order", "desc") order := fmt.Sprintf("`%s` %s", DefaultQuery(c, "sort_by", "id"), sort) db = db.Order(order) ... } } ``` By using [`DefaultQuery`](https://github.com/0xjacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/model/model.go#L278-L287), the `"desc"` and `"id"` values are used as default values if the query parameters are not set. Thus, the `order` and `sort_by` query parameter are user-controlled and are being appended to the `order` variable without any sanitization. The same happens with [`SortOrder`](https://github.com/0xjacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/model/model.go#L91), but it doesn't seem to be used anywhere. ```go func SortOrder(c *gin.Context) func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { sort := c.DefaultQuery("order", "desc") order := fmt.Sprintf("`%s` %s", DefaultQuery(c, "sort_by", "id"), sort) return db.Order(order) } } ``` This issue was found using CodeQL for Go: [Database query built from user-controlled sources](https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/go/go-sql-injection/). #### Proof of Concept > Based on [this setup](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/README.md?plain=1#L210) using `uozi/nginx-ui:v2.0.0-beta.7`. In order to exploit this issue, we need to find a place where the `OrderAndPaginate` function is used. We can find it in the `GET /api/dns_credentials` endpoint. ```go func GetDnsCredentialList(c *gin.Context) { cosy.Core[model.DnsCredential](c).SetFussy("provider").PagingList() } ``` The `PagingList` function is defined as follows: ```go func (c *Ctx[T]) PagingList() { data, ok := c.PagingListData() if ok { c.ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, data) } } ``` And the `PagingListData` function is defined as follows: ```go func (c *Ctx[T]) PagingListData() (*model.DataList, bool) { result, ok := c.result() if !ok { return nil, false } result = result.Scopes(c.OrderAndPaginate()) ... } ``` Using the following request, an attacker can retrieve arbitrary values by checking the order used by the query. That is, the result of the comparison will make the response to be ordered in a specific way. ```http GET /api/dns_credentials?sort_by=(CASE+WHEN+(SELECT+1)=1+THEN+id+ELSE+updated_at+END)+ASC+--+ HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:8080 Authorization: <<JWT TOKEN> ``` You can notice the order change by changing `=1` to `=2`, and so the comparison will return `false` and the order will be `updated_at` instead of `id`. ### Impact This issue may lead to `Information Disclosure`

Impact

An attacker with authenticated user privileges can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to manipulate database query ordering, potentially leading to unauthorized information disclosure. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality (high), integrity (low), and availability (low) as per the CVSS vector provided. There is no evidence of known exploits in the wild at this time.

Summary

The OrderAndPaginate function in github.com/0xJacky/Nginx-UI uses user-supplied query parameters 'sort_by' and 'order' to build an SQL ORDER BY clause without sanitization, resulting in an authenticated SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89). This allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL code into the ordering clause of database queries. The vulnerability is exploitable via the GET /api/dns_credentials endpoint, enabling attackers to influence query ordering and potentially disclose information. The issue was identified using CodeQL analysis.

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #2OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Architecture and Design · Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Architecture and Design · Operation · Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Query Parameterization (opens in a new tab)
Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards (opens in a new tab)
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
XML External Entity Prevention (opens in a new tab)
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.3.5 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Command Line Execution through SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
Object Relational Mapping Injection (opens in a new tab)
SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering (opens in a new tab)
Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database (opens in a new tab)
SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Jul 2026, 23:51 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-89

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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