VulnerabilityPublished 2 Nov 2026

CVE-2025-12544: The Publisher portal fails to enforce proper validation on uploaded SVG files, allowing users with

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Authoritative record:CVE-2025-12544· Medium 4.8

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.8 Medium · fixed in 4.2.0.7 : update WSO2 API Manager when convenient.

Data as of 2 Nov 2026, 13:31 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.8Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

Thin evidence

One scorer or none

CVSS scores by source
CNA (WSO2)	CVSS 3.1	4.8

Patch: Available – fixed in 4.2.0.7, 4.1.0.60, 4.0.0.368 +3

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: High: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable component that could affect component-wide settings and files.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 2 Nov 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2 Nov 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

ghsa-ggwq-mvcf-3gmx

What to do

Upgrade to a fixed release listed under Affected software.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
WSO2WSO2 API Manager	Affected >=4.2.0 <4.2.0.7	Fixed in 4.2.0.7
WSO2WSO2 API Manager	Affected >=4.1.0 <4.1.0.60	Fixed in 4.1.0.60
WSO2WSO2 API Manager	Affected >=4.0.0 <4.0.0.368	Fixed in 4.0.0.368
WSO2WSO2 API Manager	Affected >=3.2.1 <3.2.1.68	Fixed in 3.2.1.68
WSO2WSO2 API Manager	Affected >=3.2.0 <3.2.0.449	Fixed in 3.2.0.449
WSO2 Carbon API Manager Publisher REST APIorg.wso2.carbon.apimgt:org.wso2.carbon.apimgt.rest.api.publisher.v1	Affected <9.28.140	Fixed in 9.28.140

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

Users should apply strict validation and sanitization of SVG uploads to prevent script injection. Restricting upload permissions and monitoring for suspicious SVG content is recommended until an official fix is available.

Description

CVE-2025-12544 is a vulnerability in the Publisher portal where insufficient validation of uploaded SVG files allows users with the Publisher role to inject malicious scripts. Exploitation involves uploading crafted SVG files that are stored and rendered by the application, enabling actions such as browser redirection, UI modification, or information retrieval. The impact is limited by httpOnly flags on session cookies, preventing session hijacking.

Impact

Allows users with Publisher role to execute stored cross-site scripting attacks via crafted SVG uploads. This can result in browser redirection, UI modification, and information disclosure from the browser. Session hijacking is mitigated by httpOnly cookie flags. No known exploits in the wild have been reported.

Summary

The Publisher portal does not properly validate SVG file uploads, permitting users with the Publisher role to embed malicious scripts within SVG files. When these files are rendered by the application, the embedded scripts can execute in the context of the victim's browser. This can lead to browser redirection to arbitrary sites, manipulation of the web page's user interface, or extraction of information from the browser environment. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-79 (Cross-site Scripting). Although session cookies are protected with the httpOnly flag, mitigating session hijacking risks, other impacts such as UI manipulation and data exfiltration remain possible.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting) (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 2 Nov 2026, 13:31 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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