The XCPE botnet was a large-scale malware operation involving over 1.3 million set-top boxes infected with a backdoor developed and operated by Videostrong Technology Co., an Android device manufacturer. The backdoor enabled criminal affiliates to conduct ad-fraud, create residential proxy networks, and install additional malware. The botnet infrastructure spanned multiple years and device models. Google and industry partners dismantled the botnet, banned Videostrong from Android certification, and improved firmware integrity reviews for Android TV devices to prevent recurrence.