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Earth Lamia, an APT threat actor, has been targeting organizations in Brazil, India, and Southeast Asia since 2023. The group exploits web application vulnerabilities, particularly SQL injection, to gain access to targeted systems. They have developed custom tools like PULSEPACK backdoor and BypassBoss for privilege escalation. Earth Lamia's targets have shifted over time, initially focusing on financial services, then logistics and online retail, and recently IT companies, universities, and government organizations. The group employs various techniques including DLL sideloading, use of legitimate binaries, and development of modular backdoors. Earth Lamia's activities have been linked to other reported campaigns, suggesting a complex and evolving threat landscape.

Earth Lamia is an advanced persistent threat (APT) actor active since 2023, primarily targeting organizations across Brazil, India, and Southeast Asia. The group exploits web application vulnerabilities, with a notable emphasis on SQL injection attacks, to gain initial access to targeted systems. Their arsenal includes custom-developed malware such as the PULSEPACK backdoor and BypassBoss, which facilitate persistent access and privilege escalation respectively. Earth Lamia employs sophisticated techniques including DLL sideloading, leveraging legitimate binaries to evade detection, and modular backdoor architectures that allow flexible and adaptive operations. Their targeting has evolved over time, initially focusing on financial services, then expanding to logistics and online retail sectors, and more recently shifting towards IT companies, universities, and government organizations. The group’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) align with multiple MITRE ATT&CK techniques such as T1053.005 (Scheduled Task/Job), T1592 (Gather Victim Host Information), T1587.001 (Develop Capabilities), T1140 (Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information), and T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application), among others. Despite the lack of confirmed exploits in the wild for some referenced CVEs, the presence of multiple CVEs (including CVE-2017-9805 and several 2024-2025 vulnerabilities) suggests a broad exploitation scope. The group’s linkage to other campaigns and use of tools like Cobalt Strike and Brute Ratel further indicate a complex and evolving threat landscape with significant operational capabilities. The threat actor’s Chinese nexus and multi-industry targeting underscore a strategic intent to infiltrate diverse sectors for espionage or disruption purposes.

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