CVE-2024-21163 is a vulnerability in the Oracle MySQL Server optimizer component affecting versions 8.0.37 and prior, and 8.4.0 and prior. It allows a high-privileged attacker with network access to cause a denial of service (server hang or crash) and unauthorized modification (update, insert, delete) of some accessible data. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5, indicating medium severity with integrity and availability impacts.