CVE-2022-41675 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-1236, which involves improper neutralization of formula elements in CSV files generated by the MAILD Mail Server software developed by TEAM JOHNLONG SOFTWARE CO., LTD. Specifically, the vulnerability allows a remote attacker with general user privileges to inject malicious code into the form content of the Raiden MAILD Mail Server website. When other users export this form content as a CSV file, the embedded malicious formula elements can be triggered upon opening the CSV in spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel or LibreOffice Calc. This can lead to arbitrary code execution on the client side, enabling the attacker to perform unauthorized system operations or disrupt service on the victim's machine. The vulnerability affects version 4.7 of the MAILD Mail Server. There are no known exploits in the wild, and no official patches have been published as of the date of this analysis. The attack vector requires that an attacker have at least general user privileges on the mail server to inject malicious content, and that the victim user exports and opens the CSV file containing the malicious payload. The vulnerability exploits the common security weakness where spreadsheet applications interpret certain characters (e.g., '=', '+', '-', '@') at the beginning of CSV fields as formulas, which can be abused to execute commands or scripts. This type of attack is often referred to as CSV Injection or Formula Injection. The vulnerability can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the victim's system by enabling arbitrary code execution, potentially leading to data theft, system compromise, or denial of service on the client side.

For European organizations using the MAILD Mail Server version 4.7, this vulnerability poses a significant risk primarily to end users who export and open CSV files generated from form content. The impact includes potential arbitrary code execution on client machines, which can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, installation of malware, or disruption of user operations. Since the attack requires user interaction (exporting and opening the CSV file), the risk is somewhat mitigated by user awareness and operational controls. However, in environments where users frequently export data for analysis or reporting, this vulnerability could be exploited to target high-value individuals or departments, such as finance or HR, where CSV exports are common. The vulnerability could also be leveraged as a foothold for lateral movement within an organization if attackers gain initial access through compromised user machines. The lack of available patches increases the urgency for organizations to implement mitigations. Given that the MAILD Mail Server is a niche product, the overall impact is limited to organizations that deploy this specific mail server software. However, the potential for disruption and data compromise on affected systems is moderate to high at the user level.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on user education and operational controls: train users to be cautious when exporting and opening CSV files from untrusted or unknown sources, especially those generated from form content on the MAILD Mail Server. 2. Implement CSV sanitization: configure or develop scripts/tools to sanitize CSV exports by prefixing potentially dangerous formula characters (e.g., '=', '+', '-', '@') with a single quote or another neutralizing character before exporting, preventing spreadsheet applications from interpreting them as formulas. 3. Restrict user privileges: limit the ability to inject content into forms on the MAILD Mail Server to trusted users only, reducing the attack surface. 4. Use alternative export formats: where possible, export data in safer formats such as plain text or PDF that do not support formula execution. 5. Monitor and audit: implement logging and monitoring to detect unusual form submissions or CSV exports that may indicate exploitation attempts. 6. Network segmentation and endpoint protection: ensure that client machines have up-to-date antivirus and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect and block malicious payloads resulting from exploitation. 7. Engage with the vendor: since no patches are currently available, maintain communication with TEAM JOHNLONG SOFTWARE CO., LTD. for updates or patches addressing this vulnerability. 8. Consider disabling CSV export functionality temporarily if it is not critical to business operations until a patch or more secure workaround is available.