CVE-2023-28209 is a high-severity buffer overflow vulnerability affecting Apple macOS systems, specifically addressed in macOS Ventura 13.3. The flaw stems from improper memory handling that allows a malicious application to cause unexpected system termination (crashes) or, more critically, write to kernel memory. This type of vulnerability is classified under CWE-120, which involves classic buffer overflow issues where input data exceeds allocated memory buffers, leading to memory corruption. Exploitation requires local access (AV:L), no privileges (PR:N), but user interaction (UI:R), such as running a malicious app. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H) because writing to kernel memory can lead to privilege escalation, arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges, or system instability. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is limited to the vulnerable system itself. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the high CVSS score of 7.8 indicates a significant risk if exploited. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on September 6, 2023, and Apple has released a patch in macOS Ventura 13.3 to mitigate this issue by improving memory handling to prevent buffer overflow conditions.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk especially for those relying on Apple macOS devices in their infrastructure, including desktops, laptops, and potentially macOS-based servers or development environments. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to gain kernel-level access, bypass security controls, and execute arbitrary code, leading to data breaches, system compromise, or denial of service through system crashes. This is particularly concerning for sectors with sensitive data such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, as phishing or social engineering could trick users into running malicious applications. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are also at risk. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive patching and mitigation before widespread attacks occur.

European organizations should prioritize updating all macOS devices to version Ventura 13.3 or later to apply the official patch from Apple. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict application whitelisting and endpoint protection to prevent unauthorized or untrusted applications from executing. User education is critical to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks that could lead to running malicious apps. Implementing least privilege principles on user accounts can limit the impact of exploitation. Monitoring for unusual kernel-level activity or system crashes can help detect potential exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should review and restrict local access to macOS systems, especially in shared or public environments, to reduce the attack surface. Regular vulnerability scanning and asset inventory to identify macOS devices will aid in ensuring comprehensive coverage of affected systems.