CVE-2024-31573 identifies a critical security vulnerability in XMLUnit for Java versions before 2.10.0. XMLUnit is a widely used library for testing and comparing XML documents in Java applications. The vulnerability arises because the default configuration enables XSLT extension functions during XSLT transformations. These extension functions allow the execution of arbitrary Java code embedded within the XSLT stylesheet. If an attacker can supply or manipulate an untrusted stylesheet used in the transformation process, they can execute arbitrary code on the host system. This can lead to full system compromise, data theft, or service disruption. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, making it easier to exploit in scenarios where XMLUnit processes external or user-supplied XML data. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and no public exploits have been reported, but the nature of the vulnerability suggests a high risk. The recommended fix is to upgrade XMLUnit to version 2.10.0 or later, where this issue is addressed by disabling extension functions by default or providing safer configuration options. Additionally, developers should avoid processing untrusted stylesheets or ensure strict validation and sanitization of all XML inputs. Organizations should audit their codebases for usage of XMLUnit and review their XML processing workflows to mitigate potential attack vectors.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-31573 is the potential for remote code execution within Java applications using vulnerable versions of XMLUnit. This can compromise confidentiality by allowing attackers to access sensitive data, integrity by modifying data or application behavior, and availability by disrupting services or causing application crashes. European organizations relying on Java-based enterprise applications, especially those processing XML data from external or untrusted sources, are at risk. Exploitation could lead to data breaches, unauthorized system control, and operational downtime. Given the widespread use of Java in sectors such as finance, manufacturing, and government across Europe, the impact could be significant. The lack of authentication or user interaction requirements increases the threat level, as attackers can exploit vulnerable systems remotely and stealthily. This vulnerability could also be leveraged as a foothold for further lateral movement within networks, amplifying its potential damage.

To mitigate CVE-2024-31573, organizations should immediately upgrade XMLUnit to version 2.10.0 or later where the vulnerability is fixed. If upgrading is not immediately possible, disable XSLT extension functions explicitly in the XMLUnit configuration to prevent execution of arbitrary code. Implement strict validation and sanitization of all XML inputs and stylesheets, especially those originating from untrusted or external sources. Conduct a thorough audit of all Java applications and libraries to identify usage of XMLUnit and assess exposure. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor for suspicious activity related to XML processing. Educate developers about the risks of processing untrusted XML and enforce secure coding practices around XML transformations. Finally, maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential exploitation.