CVE-2024-35256 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-122, affecting Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (GDR), specifically version 14.0.0. The flaw exists in the SQL Server Native Client OLE DB Provider component, which is responsible for database connectivity and data access. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network without requiring privileges (AV:N/PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). Successful exploitation allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system, potentially leading to full system compromise. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as arbitrary code execution can lead to data theft, unauthorized data modification, or service disruption. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 8.8 (high severity), reflecting the critical nature of this vulnerability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a prime target for attackers once exploit code becomes available. The vulnerability was reserved in May 2024 and published in July 2024, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. No patches are listed yet, so organizations must monitor vendor advisories closely. The vulnerability's exploitation requires user interaction, which may involve tricking users into initiating database connections or executing malicious queries. Given the widespread use of Microsoft SQL Server in enterprise environments, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations relying on SQL Server 2017 for critical data operations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-35256 is substantial due to the widespread deployment of Microsoft SQL Server 2017 in enterprise, government, and critical infrastructure sectors. Exploitation can lead to remote code execution, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive data, alter or delete critical information, and disrupt database availability. This can result in operational downtime, financial losses, regulatory penalties under GDPR for data breaches, and reputational damage. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and public administration are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on SQL Server for data management. The requirement for user interaction slightly reduces the attack surface but does not eliminate the risk, especially in environments where users frequently interact with database applications or remote connections. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high CVSS score indicates that once exploits emerge, attacks could be widespread and severe.

1. Monitor Microsoft security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available for SQL Server 2017 (GDR). 2. Restrict network access to SQL Server instances using firewalls and network segmentation, limiting exposure to only trusted hosts and users. 3. Implement strict access controls and least privilege principles for database users and applications to minimize potential attack vectors. 4. Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted database connections or executing unknown queries to reduce the likelihood of user interaction exploitation. 5. Enable and review detailed logging and monitoring on SQL Server instances to detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) with signatures tuned to detect suspicious SQL Server traffic patterns. 7. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing focused on SQL Server environments to identify and remediate weaknesses proactively. 8. If possible, plan for upgrading to newer, supported versions of SQL Server that may have improved security postures and mitigations.