CVE-2024-37972 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-121, affecting Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The vulnerability relates to a Secure Boot security feature bypass, which is critical because Secure Boot is designed to ensure that only trusted software is loaded during the system startup process. Exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with high privileges, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system. The CVSS v3.1 vector indicates an attack vector over the network (AV:A), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), but user interaction is needed (UI:R). The scope is unchanged (S:U), and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (C:H/I:H/A:H). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a significant threat. The absence of patch links suggests that a fix may not yet be publicly available, increasing the urgency for organizations to monitor updates from Microsoft. The vulnerability was reserved in June 2024 and published in July 2024, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. This vulnerability undermines the Secure Boot mechanism, potentially allowing attackers to bypass boot-time security checks and load malicious code early in the boot process, which can be difficult to detect and mitigate post-exploitation.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk, especially for those relying on Windows 10 Version 1809 in critical infrastructure, government, finance, healthcare, and industrial sectors. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution with high privileges, enabling attackers to bypass Secure Boot protections, which are fundamental to system integrity and trust. This could result in persistent malware infections, data breaches, and disruption of critical services. The requirement for user interaction and network attack vector means phishing or social engineering could be used as an attack vector, increasing the risk in environments with remote or hybrid work models. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the high CVSS score indicates that once exploited, the impact would be severe. Organizations running legacy systems or those slow to update are particularly vulnerable. The potential for widespread impact is notable given the prevalence of Windows 10 in European enterprises and public sector organizations.

Organizations should immediately inventory their systems to identify those running Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). Although no patches are currently linked, it is critical to monitor Microsoft security advisories closely and apply updates as soon as they become available. In the interim, organizations should implement network segmentation and restrict access to vulnerable systems, especially limiting exposure to untrusted networks. Employ enhanced email and web filtering to reduce the risk of phishing or malicious user interaction that could trigger exploitation. Enable and enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of unauthorized access. Utilize endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and patched Windows version to eliminate exposure. Additionally, review and harden Secure Boot configurations and related firmware settings to reduce attack surface. Conduct user awareness training focused on phishing and social engineering risks associated with this vulnerability.