CVE-2024-37978 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-121, affecting Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 (build 10.0.22621.0). The flaw resides in the Secure Boot security feature, which is designed to ensure that only trusted software is loaded during the system startup process. By exploiting this buffer overflow, an attacker can bypass Secure Boot protections, potentially allowing execution of arbitrary code with elevated privileges during the boot process. The vulnerability can be triggered remotely (Attack Vector: Adjacent Network) without requiring prior authentication, though user interaction is necessary, such as opening a malicious file or link. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.0 indicates high severity, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to complete system compromise, persistent malware installation, or disabling of security features, severely undermining system trustworthiness. No public exploits are known yet, but the vulnerability was reserved in June 2024 and published in July 2024, indicating recent discovery. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting means systems remain vulnerable until updates are released. Given the critical role of Secure Boot in modern Windows security architecture, this vulnerability represents a significant threat vector for attackers aiming to gain persistent, stealthy control over affected systems.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-37978 is substantial. Secure Boot is a foundational security mechanism widely used to prevent unauthorized code execution during system startup, protecting against rootkits and bootkits. A successful exploit could allow attackers to bypass these protections, leading to full system compromise, data theft, ransomware deployment, or disruption of critical services. This is particularly concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, where Windows 11 adoption is high. The vulnerability's ability to be exploited remotely with no privileges and only user interaction increases the attack surface. Organizations relying on Windows 11 22H2 without immediate patching are at risk of targeted attacks or widespread exploitation once proof-of-concept or weaponized exploits emerge. The potential for persistent, stealthy malware that survives reboots could complicate incident response and recovery efforts, increasing operational and financial risks.

1. Apply security patches promptly once Microsoft releases updates addressing CVE-2024-37978. Monitor official Microsoft security advisories closely. 2. Until patches are available, restrict network access to systems running Windows 11 22H2, especially from untrusted or public networks, to reduce exposure. 3. Implement strict user awareness training to minimize risky user interactions that could trigger exploitation, such as opening suspicious files or links. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring Secure Boot processes and detecting anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Use hardware-based security features such as TPM and enable additional boot-time protections where possible to harden systems. 6. Conduct regular integrity checks of boot components and firmware to detect unauthorized modifications. 7. Maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate impact in case of compromise. 8. Segment networks to limit lateral movement if exploitation occurs. 9. Collaborate with cybersecurity information sharing groups to stay informed about emerging exploit techniques and indicators of compromise related to this vulnerability.