CVE-2024-38057 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809, specifically affecting build 10.0.17763.0. The vulnerability is classified as an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) within the Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver. This flaw allows an attacker with limited privileges (low-level privileges) to perform an elevation of privilege attack, potentially gaining higher system privileges. The vulnerability arises due to improper bounds checking in the kernel streaming component, which can be exploited to read memory outside the intended buffer boundaries. This can lead to disclosure of sensitive information, corruption of memory, or system instability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating a high severity level. The attack vector is local (AV:L), requiring the attacker to have some level of access on the affected system, but no user interaction is needed (UI:N). The attack complexity is low (AC:L), and privileges required are low (PR:L). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet, though the vulnerability is officially published and recognized by Microsoft and CISA. The flaw is significant because kernel-level vulnerabilities can be leveraged to bypass security controls and compromise the entire system. Given that Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, many organizations may have moved to newer versions, but some legacy systems or specialized environments may still be running this version, making them vulnerable.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges from a low-level user account to SYSTEM level, enabling full control over the affected machines. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and the potential deployment of further malware or ransomware. Industries with strict regulatory requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government sectors, could face compliance violations and reputational damage if exploited. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks against organizations with legacy infrastructure or in environments where patching is delayed due to operational constraints. The local attack vector means that attackers would need initial access, which could be gained through phishing, compromised credentials, or insider threats. The lack of user interaction requirement increases the risk of automated privilege escalation post-initial access. Overall, the vulnerability could facilitate lateral movement and persistence within networks, amplifying the impact of broader cyberattacks.

European organizations should prioritize identifying and inventorying all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809, especially those with the affected build 10.0.17763.0. Immediate mitigation steps include: 1) Applying any available security updates or patches from Microsoft as soon as they are released. 2) If patches are not yet available, consider isolating or restricting access to vulnerable systems, especially from untrusted users or networks. 3) Employ strict access controls and monitoring to detect unusual privilege escalation attempts or kernel-level anomalies. 4) Utilize endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring kernel driver behavior and alerting on suspicious activity. 5) Enforce the principle of least privilege to limit the number of users with local access rights that could exploit this vulnerability. 6) Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and patched version of Windows 10 or Windows 11 to eliminate exposure. 7) Conduct regular security audits and penetration tests focusing on privilege escalation vectors. 8) Educate IT staff and users about the risks of local privilege escalation and the importance of maintaining updated systems. These targeted actions go beyond generic patching advice by emphasizing system inventory, access restriction, and advanced monitoring tailored to kernel-level threats.