CVE-2024-38079 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-122, found in the Windows Graphics Component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability allows an attacker with limited privileges (local access and low privileges) to execute a carefully crafted attack that triggers a buffer overflow in the graphics subsystem, leading to elevation of privilege. The attacker does not require user interaction to exploit this vulnerability, which increases its risk profile. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and requiring only limited privileges. The vulnerability is currently published and recognized by CISA but has no known exploits in the wild yet. The absence of patch links suggests that a fix may be pending or that users should upgrade to newer Windows versions. Exploiting this flaw could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges, potentially compromising the entire system and bypassing security controls. Given that Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, many organizations may still be running it in legacy environments, making this vulnerability a significant risk if unmitigated.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious threat especially to those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, allowing attackers to escalate privileges from a low-privilege user to SYSTEM level. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and potential lateral movement within networks. Sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable due to the high value of their data and services. The lack of user interaction requirement means automated or stealthy attacks could be feasible once local access is gained, increasing the risk of insider threats or malware leveraging this vulnerability. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, potentially leading to data breaches, ransomware deployment, or persistent footholds in networks.

Organizations should prioritize upgrading from Windows 10 Version 1809 to a supported and patched Windows version to eliminate exposure. In the absence of an official patch, applying any available security workarounds from Microsoft advisories is critical. Restrict local access to systems running this vulnerable version by enforcing strict access controls and monitoring for suspicious activity indicative of privilege escalation attempts. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior in the graphics subsystem or privilege escalation patterns. Regularly audit and minimize the number of users with local access rights, and implement application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized code execution. Network segmentation can limit lateral movement if exploitation occurs. Finally, maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to mitigate potential damage from exploitation.