CVE-2024-44231 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that permits an attacker with physical access to bypass the Login Window during the software update process. The root cause is inadequate state management during macOS software updates, which allows the system to enter a state where authentication is not properly enforced. This flaw effectively grants an attacker direct access to the system without needing any credentials, user interaction, or prior privileges. The vulnerability affects macOS versions before Sequoia 15.1, where Apple has implemented a fix by improving the state management logic to ensure the Login Window cannot be bypassed during updates. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.5 reflects a high severity, primarily due to the high impact on confidentiality (full system access) and the ease of exploitation (physical access only, no authentication or user interaction required). While integrity and availability are not directly impacted, the ability to bypass login controls can lead to data exposure and potential further compromise. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the vulnerability poses a significant risk in environments where physical security is not tightly controlled. The vulnerability highlights the risk of physical access attacks on endpoint devices, emphasizing the need for layered security controls beyond software patches.

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a critical risk to confidentiality, especially in sectors handling sensitive or regulated data such as finance, healthcare, and government. An attacker with physical access to a macOS device could bypass login protections and access sensitive information without leaving obvious traces. This undermines endpoint security and could facilitate insider threats or targeted physical attacks. The impact is heightened in environments with shared workstations, public access points, or insufficient physical security controls. Although integrity and availability are not directly compromised, unauthorized access can lead to data theft, espionage, or further malware deployment. Organizations relying on macOS devices must consider the risk of physical access attacks in their security posture, as this vulnerability bypasses one of the fundamental security barriers. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread exploitation occurs.

1. Immediately update all macOS devices to version Sequoia 15.1 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Enforce strict physical security controls such as locked rooms, secure storage for devices, and surveillance to prevent unauthorized physical access. 3. Implement endpoint encryption (e.g., FileVault) to protect data at rest, reducing the impact if login is bypassed. 4. Use hardware security features like Secure Enclave and enable firmware passwords to add layers of protection against unauthorized boot or update manipulation. 5. Regularly audit and monitor physical access logs and device usage to detect suspicious activity. 6. Educate employees about the risks of leaving devices unattended and the importance of physical security. 7. Consider deploying Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to enforce security policies and remotely lock or wipe devices if compromised. 8. Review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving physical access breaches on macOS devices.