CVE-2024-44255 is a vulnerability stemming from improper path handling in Apple’s shortcut execution logic across multiple platforms including iOS, iPadOS, macOS (Sequoia 15.1, Sonoma 14.7.1, Ventura 13.7.1), tvOS 18.1, visionOS 2.1, and watchOS 11.1. The flaw allows a malicious application to bypass user consent mechanisms and run arbitrary shortcuts, which are automated sequences of actions that can access sensitive data, control device functions, or interact with other apps. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory), indicating that the app can manipulate file paths to execute unauthorized commands. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.4 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction needed. The vulnerability is local vector (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have local access to the device but can execute the attack without elevated privileges or user permission. Apple has fixed the issue by improving path handling logic in the affected OS versions. No public exploits or active exploitation have been reported yet, but the potential for abuse is significant given the ability to run arbitrary shortcuts silently.

If exploited, this vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary shortcuts on Apple devices without user knowledge or consent, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information, manipulation or deletion of data, and disruption of device functionality. Because shortcuts can automate complex tasks including accessing contacts, location, files, and system settings, an attacker could leverage this to perform espionage, data theft, or persistent device compromise. The lack of required user interaction or privileges lowers the barrier for exploitation once local access is obtained, increasing risk in environments where devices may be physically accessible or targeted by malicious apps. This could impact individual users, enterprises, and government agencies relying on Apple ecosystems for secure communications and operations. The broad range of affected platforms increases the scope of potential impact across mobile, desktop, wearable, and emerging device categories.

Organizations and users should immediately update all affected Apple devices to the patched versions: iOS 18.1, iPadOS 18.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.1, macOS Ventura 13.7.1, tvOS 18.1, visionOS 2.1, and watchOS 11.1. Beyond patching, restrict installation of apps to trusted sources only, such as the official Apple App Store, to reduce risk of malicious apps gaining local access. Implement mobile device management (MDM) policies to control app permissions and monitor shortcut usage. Educate users about the risks of installing untrusted apps and the importance of applying updates promptly. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for unusual shortcut executions or unauthorized automation activities. Regularly audit device configurations and shortcut permissions to detect anomalies. For high-security environments, consider disabling shortcuts or restricting their capabilities where feasible until patches are applied.