CVE-2024-44291 is a logic flaw in Apple macOS's file handling mechanisms that can be exploited by a malicious application to escalate privileges to root level. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of certain file operations, which an attacker can leverage to bypass normal security restrictions. This flaw affects multiple macOS versions before the patched releases: macOS Sequoia 15.2, macOS Ventura 13.7.2, and macOS Sonoma 14.7.2. The attack vector requires local access and user interaction, such as running a malicious app, but does not require any prior privileges, making it accessible to a wide range of threat actors. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as root access allows complete control over the system. Although no public exploits are known yet, the vulnerability’s nature makes it a critical risk for environments where macOS devices are used. The fix involves improved file handling logic implemented by Apple in the specified updates. Organizations should apply these patches promptly to eliminate the risk. The vulnerability could be exploited to install persistent malware, steal sensitive data, or disrupt system operations.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in sectors where macOS devices are prevalent, such as creative industries, software development, and certain government or research institutions. Successful exploitation grants attackers root privileges, enabling full control over affected systems, which can lead to data breaches, unauthorized access to sensitive information, and disruption of critical services. The ability to escalate privileges without prior authentication increases the threat level, as attackers can leverage social engineering or supply chain attacks to deliver malicious apps. This could impact confidentiality (data theft), integrity (unauthorized modifications), and availability (system disruption). Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces using macOS devices are particularly vulnerable if devices are not promptly updated. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the potential for rapid weaponization exists.

1. Immediately apply the security updates released by Apple for macOS Sequoia 15.2, Ventura 13.7.2, and Sonoma 14.7.2 or later versions. 2. Enforce strict application installation policies, limiting installations to trusted sources such as the Apple App Store and verified developers. 3. Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring for suspicious local privilege escalation attempts and anomalous file handling behaviors. 4. Educate users about the risks of running untrusted applications and the importance of verifying software sources. 5. Use macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper to reduce the attack surface. 6. Regularly audit and monitor macOS devices for signs of compromise, including unexpected root-level processes or unauthorized changes. 7. Employ network segmentation to limit the impact of compromised devices on critical infrastructure. 8. Maintain an inventory of macOS devices and ensure all are updated promptly as part of patch management processes.