CVE-2024-44295 is a vulnerability in Apple macOS that permits an application to modify protected parts of the file system due to inadequate entitlement checks. Entitlements in macOS are security mechanisms that restrict app capabilities; this flaw allows an app without proper entitlements to bypass these restrictions and alter critical system files. The vulnerability does not require any privileges or user interaction, but the attacker must have local access to the system. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.7 (high), reflecting the vulnerability's significant impact on confidentiality and integrity, as unauthorized modification of protected files can lead to privilege escalation, persistence, or tampering with system behavior. Availability is not impacted. The issue affects macOS versions prior to Ventura 13.7.1 and Sonoma 14.7.1, where Apple has implemented additional entitlement checks to fix the problem. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a serious concern for environments where local access can be obtained or where malicious apps might be installed. This flaw could be leveraged by attackers to implant malware, alter system configurations, or bypass security controls, undermining system integrity and confidentiality.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in environments where macOS devices are used for sensitive operations. Unauthorized modification of protected system files can lead to privilege escalation, persistent malware installation, or tampering with security mechanisms, potentially resulting in data breaches or system compromise. Sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure that rely on macOS systems for secure operations could face increased exposure. The vulnerability's exploitation does not require user interaction or privileges, increasing the risk from insider threats or compromised local accounts. Although no remote exploitation is indicated, the risk remains high in scenarios where attackers gain physical or local access. The integrity and confidentiality of systems and data could be severely impacted, undermining trust and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR.

The primary mitigation is to apply the security updates provided by Apple in macOS Ventura 13.7.1 and macOS Sonoma 14.7.1 or later, which include additional entitlement checks to prevent unauthorized file system modifications. Organizations should enforce strict controls on app installation, limiting software sources to trusted vendors and using Apple’s notarization and app review processes to reduce the risk of malicious apps. Implement endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous local file system modifications. Employ strict access controls and monitoring on macOS devices, including restricting local user privileges and auditing file system changes in protected areas. Educate users about the risks of installing untrusted applications and maintain robust physical security to prevent unauthorized local access. Regularly review system integrity and use macOS security features such as System Integrity Protection (SIP) to limit the impact of potential exploits.