CVE-2024-51102 identifies multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the PHPGURUKUL Student Management System, specifically in the login.php script located at /studentrecordms/login.php. The vulnerabilities arise from improper sanitization of the username and password parameters, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This can lead to unauthorized access or manipulation of the underlying MySQL database. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), which is a common and critical class of injection flaws. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 4.4, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have local access or be on the same network segment. The attack complexity is low (AC:L), and privileges required are low (PR:L), with no user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent (C:L, I:L), but does not affect availability (A:N). No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability could allow an attacker with some level of access to the system to extract sensitive student data, modify records, or bypass authentication mechanisms, potentially compromising the integrity of the student management system.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using the PHPGURUKUL Student Management System, this vulnerability poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of student records and related data. Unauthorized access could lead to exposure of personal identifiable information (PII), academic records, and potentially sensitive administrative data. This could result in privacy violations under GDPR regulations, leading to legal and financial repercussions. The integrity impact could allow attackers to alter grades or enrollment information, undermining trust in the institution's data. Although the attack vector is local, insider threats or attackers who gain limited network access could exploit this vulnerability. The lack of availability impact reduces the risk of service disruption but does not diminish the importance of protecting sensitive data. The medium severity score reflects the need for timely remediation to prevent data breaches and maintain compliance with European data protection standards.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict access to the affected login.php page to trusted internal networks or authenticated users only, minimizing exposure. Conduct a thorough code review and apply input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) to sanitize username and password inputs, eliminating SQL injection vectors. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the login endpoint. Monitor logs for suspicious login attempts or unusual database queries. Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities. Additionally, implement network segmentation to limit local access to the application server, and enforce strict access controls and multi-factor authentication for administrative interfaces. Regularly back up databases and verify integrity to enable recovery in case of data tampering. Finally, prepare an incident response plan tailored to potential data breaches involving student information.