CVE-2024-51103 identifies multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the PHPGURUKUL Student Management System, specifically in the password recovery functionality located at /studentrecordms/password-recovery.php. The vulnerabilities arise from unsanitized input parameters 'emailid' and 'id', which are directly used in SQL queries without proper validation or parameterization. This allows an attacker with at least low-level privileges (PR:L) to craft malicious input that can manipulate the backend MySQL database queries. The CVSS 3.1 score of 6.5 reflects a medium severity, with a network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no user interaction required (UI:N), and impact primarily on confidentiality (C:H) but not on integrity or availability. Exploiting these vulnerabilities could enable unauthorized disclosure of sensitive student data such as personal information, credentials, or other records stored in the database. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the presence of multiple injection points increases the risk of exploitation if attackers gain access to the system or find a way to bypass authentication. The vulnerabilities are typical examples of CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), which is a common and critical web application security flaw. The lack of vendor or product-specific information suggests this is an open-source or less widely commercialized system, but the impact on any institution using this software could be significant due to the sensitive nature of educational data.

For European organizations, especially educational institutions using the PHPGURUKUL Student Management System or similar PHP/MySQL-based student management platforms, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data disclosure. Compromise of student records can lead to privacy violations under GDPR, resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. The confidentiality breach could expose personally identifiable information (PII), academic records, and potentially login credentials, facilitating further attacks such as identity theft or phishing. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect data integrity or availability, the loss of confidentiality alone is critical in the education sector. Additionally, exploitation could serve as a foothold for attackers to escalate privileges or move laterally within the network. Given the medium severity and no requirement for user interaction, attackers could automate exploitation attempts remotely, increasing the threat surface for European schools, universities, and educational service providers.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately audit and sanitize all inputs to the password recovery page, specifically the 'emailid' and 'id' parameters. Implementing prepared statements with parameterized queries is essential to prevent SQL injection. Input validation should enforce strict type and format checks, rejecting any unexpected or malicious input. Additionally, applying the principle of least privilege to database accounts used by the application can limit the impact of a successful injection. Organizations should monitor logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts targeting the password recovery endpoint. If possible, restrict access to the password recovery functionality to authenticated users or implement CAPTCHA to reduce automated exploitation attempts. Since no official patch is currently available, organizations should consider isolating or replacing the vulnerable system until a fix is released. Regular security assessments and code reviews of web applications handling sensitive data are recommended to detect and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.