CVE-2024-52017 identifies a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Netgear XR300 router firmware version 1.0.3.78, specifically in the handling of the passphrase parameter within the bridge_wireless_main.cgi web interface endpoint. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking when processing the passphrase input, allowing an attacker to overflow the stack memory. Exploitation requires sending a specially crafted POST request to the vulnerable CGI endpoint, which can cause the router to crash or reboot, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The attack vector is remote but requires access to the local network (AV:A), and the attacker needs low privileges (PR:L) but no user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability does not compromise confidentiality or integrity but impacts availability by disrupting network services. The weakness is classified under CWE-120 (Classic Buffer Overflow). No patches or firmware updates are currently published, and no active exploits have been reported in the wild. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.7, indicating medium severity due to the moderate impact and relatively low complexity of exploitation. This vulnerability primarily affects organizations using the Netgear XR300 router, especially in environments where network availability is critical.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-52017 is denial of service, which can disrupt network connectivity for affected organizations. This can lead to temporary loss of internet access, interruption of business operations, and potential cascading effects on dependent systems and services. Since the vulnerability does not allow data theft or manipulation, the confidentiality and integrity of data remain intact. However, availability disruptions in critical environments such as enterprises, ISPs, or public institutions can cause significant operational and financial damage. The requirement for local network access limits the attack surface, but insider threats or compromised internal devices could exploit this vulnerability. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk, but the presence of a stack overflow means future exploit development could increase severity. Organizations relying on Netgear XR300 routers for wireless bridging or network extension should consider this vulnerability a moderate threat to service continuity.

1. Monitor network traffic for unusual or malformed POST requests targeting bridge_wireless_main.cgi, especially those containing suspicious passphrase parameters. 2. Restrict access to the router's management interface to trusted internal networks and limit administrative privileges to reduce exposure. 3. Implement network segmentation to isolate critical devices and reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers with local access. 4. Regularly audit and update router firmware; although no patch is currently available, stay informed from Netgear advisories for forthcoming fixes. 5. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) capable of detecting buffer overflow attempts or anomalous CGI requests. 6. Consider replacing or upgrading hardware if the device is critical and no timely patch is expected. 7. Educate network administrators about this vulnerability and encourage prompt incident response if signs of exploitation appear.