CVE-2024-54025 is a vulnerability identified in Fortinet's FortiIsolator product, specifically affecting CLI versions prior to 2.4.6. The root cause is an OS command injection flaw (CWE-78) due to improper neutralization of special characters in command inputs. This allows an attacker with existing high-level privileges on the device to craft malicious CLI requests that execute arbitrary OS commands. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require the attacker to have privileged access, which limits the initial attack surface but significantly increases the risk if such access is obtained. The impact of successful exploitation includes full compromise of the device’s confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate or disrupt the isolation environment, exfiltrate sensitive data, or pivot to other network segments. The CVSS 3.1 score of 6.5 reflects a medium severity, with the vector indicating local attack with low complexity but requiring high privileges and no user interaction. No public exploits or active exploitation have been reported, but the vulnerability is critical to patch due to the sensitive role FortiIsolator plays in isolating web browsing sessions to prevent malware infections. Fortinet has released version 2.4.6 to address this issue, and users of affected versions should upgrade promptly.

The vulnerability allows attackers with privileged access to execute arbitrary OS commands, potentially leading to full device compromise. This can undermine the security isolation FortiIsolator provides, exposing organizations to malware infections, data breaches, and lateral movement within networks. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems are all at risk. Organizations relying on FortiIsolator for secure browsing isolation, especially in critical infrastructure, finance, healthcare, and government sectors, face increased risk of targeted attacks. The requirement for high privileges limits exploitation to insiders or attackers who have already breached initial defenses, but the consequences of exploitation are severe. Disruption or compromise of FortiIsolator could lead to broader network security failures and data loss.

1. Immediately upgrade FortiIsolator to version 2.4.6 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Restrict CLI access strictly to trusted administrators and enforce strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication. 3. Monitor CLI access logs for unusual or unauthorized command execution attempts. 4. Implement network segmentation to limit access to FortiIsolator management interfaces. 5. Conduct regular audits of privileged accounts and remove unnecessary privileges. 6. Employ intrusion detection systems to detect anomalous behavior on FortiIsolator devices. 7. Educate administrators about the risks of command injection and safe CLI usage practices. 8. Maintain up-to-date backups of FortiIsolator configurations to enable rapid recovery if compromise occurs.