CVE-2024-54524 is a logic-based vulnerability in Apple macOS Sequoia 15.2 that arises from improper file handling mechanisms. This flaw allows a malicious application, once installed and executed with user interaction, to access arbitrary files on the system that it should not normally be able to reach. The vulnerability does not require privileges or elevated permissions but does require the user to interact with the malicious app, such as installing or running it. The core issue relates to CWE-843 (Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type), indicating that the system incorrectly manages file access controls or type checks, enabling unauthorized file reads. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, reflecting a medium severity level, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), high confidentiality impact (C:H), and no impact on integrity or availability (I:N/A:N). Apple has fixed this vulnerability by improving the file handling logic in macOS Sequoia 15.2, preventing malicious apps from exploiting this flaw to access arbitrary files. No public exploits or active exploitation in the wild have been reported to date.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-54524 is unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information due to arbitrary file access by a malicious app. This can lead to leakage of confidential user data, intellectual property, or system files, potentially facilitating further attacks such as social engineering or targeted espionage. Since the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, it does not directly enable data modification or system disruption. However, the confidentiality breach alone can have severe consequences for individuals and organizations, especially those handling sensitive or regulated data. The requirement for local access and user interaction limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, particularly in environments where users may install untrusted software. Organizations relying on macOS devices for critical operations or storing sensitive information face increased risk if devices are not promptly updated. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate threat but vigilance is necessary as attackers may develop exploits post-disclosure.

To mitigate CVE-2024-54524, organizations and users should immediately update all macOS devices to version Sequoia 15.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Restrict software installation to trusted sources such as the Apple App Store or verified developers to reduce the risk of malicious app installation. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting suspicious local app behaviors and enforce least privilege principles to limit app capabilities. Conduct user awareness training to prevent installation of untrusted applications and recognize social engineering attempts. Implement application whitelisting and sandboxing where feasible to contain app access to files. Regularly audit file access logs and monitor for unusual file read patterns. For high-security environments, consider additional controls such as data encryption at rest and strict access control policies to minimize exposure if arbitrary file access occurs.