CVE-2025-10009 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting Invoice Ninja 5, specifically versions up to 5.11.72, with confirmed impact on version 5.11.41. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-434, which involves the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. The flaw resides in the admin "Restore" function of Invoice Ninja, where uploaded files are not properly validated or sanitized. This allows an attacker who has administrative credentials to upload malicious .php files. Because these files can be executed by the server, the attacker can achieve arbitrary code execution, effectively gaining control over the server hosting the Invoice Ninja application. The CVSS 4.0 score is 8.6, indicating a high severity level. The vector details highlight that the attack can be performed remotely over the network (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), and no user interaction (UI:N). However, it requires privileged access (PR:H) since admin credentials are needed. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all high), with low scope change and limited security requirements. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, but the risk remains significant due to the potential for full server compromise once exploited. The lack of patch links suggests that a fix may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the need for immediate mitigation by affected organizations.

For European organizations using Invoice Ninja 5, this vulnerability poses a critical risk to their financial and operational data. Invoice Ninja is a popular invoicing and billing platform, often integrated into business workflows for managing sensitive financial transactions and client information. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to confidential financial data, manipulation of invoices, and disruption of billing processes. The arbitrary code execution capability means attackers could deploy ransomware, steal data, or pivot to other internal systems, amplifying the impact. Given the requirement for admin credentials, the threat is particularly severe if credential compromise occurs through phishing or insider threats. The impact on availability could disrupt business continuity, causing financial losses and reputational damage. Additionally, European data protection regulations such as GDPR impose strict requirements on data security; a breach resulting from this vulnerability could lead to regulatory penalties and legal consequences. Organizations relying on Invoice Ninja for critical invoicing functions must consider this vulnerability a significant threat to their cybersecurity posture.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting administrative access to the Invoice Ninja application through strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) and strict access controls to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 2. Monitor and audit admin activities closely to detect any unauthorized file uploads or suspicious behavior. 3. Until a patch is available, consider disabling or restricting the "Restore" function to prevent file uploads by administrators. 4. Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block attempts to upload or execute .php files or other potentially dangerous file types. 5. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. 6. Maintain up-to-date backups stored offline to enable recovery in case of compromise. 7. Stay informed about vendor updates and apply patches immediately once released. 8. Network segmentation can limit the impact of a compromised Invoice Ninja server by isolating it from critical internal systems. 9. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous execution patterns indicative of exploitation.